The ineffectiveness of Roman military responses from Stilicho onwards has been described as "shocking", with little evidence of indigenous field forces or of adequate training, discipline, pay, or supply for the barbarians who formed most of the available troops.
The Empire suffered from multiple, serious crises during the third century, including the rise of the Sassanid Empire, which inflicted three crushing defeats on Roman field armies and remained a potent threat for centuries.
Official cruelty, supporting extortion and corruption, may also have become more commonplace.While the scale, complexity, and violence of government were unmatched,the emperors lost control over their whole realm insofar as that control came increasingly to be wielded by anyone who paid for it.Meanwhile, the richest senatorial families, immune from most taxation, engrossed more and more of the available wealth and income, while also becoming divorced from any tradition of military excellence. …show more content…
During these wars both sides of the fight suffered heavy casualties. There were several civil wars in ancient Rome, especially during the late Republic. The most famous of these are the war in the 40s BC between Julius Caesar and the optimatefaction of the senatorial elite initially led by Pompey and the subsequent war between Caesar's successors and die hard loyalists, Octavian and Mark Antony in the 30s BC. Following is a list of civil wars in ancient
The Empire suffered from multiple, serious crises during the third century, including the rise of the Sassanid Empire, which inflicted three crushing defeats on Roman field armies and remained a potent threat for centuries.
Official cruelty, supporting extortion and corruption, may also have become more commonplace.While the scale, complexity, and violence of government were unmatched,the emperors lost control over their whole realm insofar as that control came increasingly to be wielded by anyone who paid for it.Meanwhile, the richest senatorial families, immune from most taxation, engrossed more and more of the available wealth and income, while also becoming divorced from any tradition of military excellence. …show more content…
During these wars both sides of the fight suffered heavy casualties. There were several civil wars in ancient Rome, especially during the late Republic. The most famous of these are the war in the 40s BC between Julius Caesar and the optimatefaction of the senatorial elite initially led by Pompey and the subsequent war between Caesar's successors and die hard loyalists, Octavian and Mark Antony in the 30s BC. Following is a list of civil wars in ancient