Rights Vs Contractualism

Improved Essays
Moral rights theorists focus on individuals who have autonomy and the protections that they deserve. They deserve to have their choices protected. Contractualists emphasize that that individuals have their own distinction of the good life. They believe people should keep their promises. Privileges and valid claims that arise from contracts are recognized by moral right theories. Both theories recognize contractors, potential contractors, and individuals who could make agreements with a contractor. The explanation for why an agreement we make is binding is explained by contractualism. Moral right theorists believe any human can make an agreement as a free-agent. Right theories are grounded in the principle that each sentient individual can make their own …show more content…
People have the ability to make their own choices. Moral rights are often called human rights. The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights lists the right to life, liberty, security of person and freedom of movement, as well as several other rights. It contains both positive and negative rights. Positive rights are valid claims about what is permitted or required to do. Negative rights are valid claims of what is permitted or required not to do. They prohibit harming the holder of the right. Historically, people believed rights came from God. Even contemporary theorists believe moral rights are not dependent on a sovereign, but based on a nature we all share. Immanuel Kant argued that a persons dignity is removed when others make a decision for them. Rights must be relatively easy to understand. US consumers became concerned with the levels of pesticides on their fruits and vegetables in the late 1990s. The EPA was told to reduce the amount of pesticide residue that could remain on fruits and vegetables by ten-fold. The industry responded with a counter proposal to test pesticides on humans and quit testing them on

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    On January 8, 1828, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison became the founders of the newly formed Democratic Party. Over time the Democratic Party has become one of the most popular political parties in the United States of America. Thomas Jefferson bestowed the ideas of the natural rights upon the Democratic Party and till this day the party still supports those rights. Amongst all political parties, the Democratic Party best upholds the Declaration principles of life, liberty, and property/pursuit of happiness based upon their positions on issues such as the right to bear arms, pro-choice, and same-sex marriage. A comparison between the Republican Party and the Democratic Party will show that the Democratic Party is more likely to push for a separation of church and state, which best protects the citizens while still being able to encourage religion.…

    • 1146 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In the United states society lacks the rights to life, liberty , and pursuit of happiness ; however due to harmful laws that have been gently crafted by. Modern day laws take away our rights by allowing abortions, sentencing prisoners to death, and prohibiting ones purist of happiness over all we no longer posse our rights Abortions are bad because we are taking away a defenseless child's life without his , or her consent even thought they are not considered an American citizen. Every day 125,000 babies are murdered by doctors the very ones that are here to heal us. Tara Culp-Ressler states that 47,000 women die due to unsafe abortions.…

    • 542 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    In the article entitled “The right way to think about rights” discusses how people believe that the government gives them their rights when they are actually born with them. First, Feuiner states that the constitution protect our God-given rights. The writer mentions that Congress cannot make a law that infringes upon the constitution. In addition he points out that many people misunderstand that they have unalienable rights that are not given by the government. Moreover, he emphasizes that if the government did give us our rights than we are more likely to seek addition favors.…

    • 113 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Great Essays

    Many people have justifications for why they do certain things. Some justifications are based off of happiness, desires, god or morals. People who use happiness and desires as their justification use theories of the good. While those who use god and morals use theories of morality. Some theories that fall into the theories of morality are the divine command theory, consequentialism, and social contract theory.…

    • 1327 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Essentially, consequentialist moral theories are concerned with the consequences of actions. That is, what makes an action right is the consequences it will bring about for everyone. On the other hand, Nonconsequentialist theories are not concerned with the consequences of actions but with the nature of the actions, this is what nonconsequentialists look at when judging whether an action is right or wrong. The theories in discussion can then be categorized as such. Both Utilitarianism ans Ethical Egoism fall under Consequentialist theories because their main focus are consequences.…

    • 995 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In this essay, I hope to argue that contractarianism is a very demanding moral theory because only by submitting to stringent requirements will a contractarian bargainer be able to gain any of the benefits the social contract is capable of giving. As I talk about contractarian beliefs and how it holds up as a moral theory, I do only address Hobbesian contractarianism, as opposed to other types of contractarianism. After providing a brief summary of contractarianism, I seek to argue that rules a contractarian bargainer would agree to would be rules that would result in them achieving their own best interests, so long as everyone else follows the same precedent. Contractarianism was created out of the belief that humans are, by nature, nasty. Hobbes outlined a “state of nature”, a life condition in which individuals are not limited by anything except their minds.…

    • 1391 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Throughout Maurice Cranston’s “Human Rights, Real and Supposed” he entitles and wants to show how socioeconomic are not human rights. Furthermore, he points out how political and philosophical are in some sort of conflicts to social and economic rights. With his “test of practicability”, Cranston sees it as a useful test to show and tell us, which of the rights are human rights. Cranston states “What is true of duties is equally true of rights. If it is impossible for a thing to be done, it is absurd to claim it as a right” (Cranston 169-170).…

    • 386 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Human rights are universal, indivisible, and interdependent. Generally, human rights are what differentiates us from other mammals or other living creatures; we consciously think before acting. During the enlightenment era there were many philosophers who had different perspectives on our natural rights , John Locke believed that people have the right to life, liberty, and property,Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence and believes that all men were created equally with the right to govern, and Mary Wollstonecraft believed that women played the same role in a society as men do and should not be underestimated of their abilities. These three philosophers have definitely influenced our society today and have changed my view…

    • 1051 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Antinomianism Antinomianism defines the concept that there are no binding moral laws. It assumes that everything is relative. For instance, the ethical system assumes lying is can be neither right nor wrong. Some of the basic beliefs of antinomianism includes that there are no God given moral regulation and laws. They also argue that there is no God or he has not set any standards on moral laws on the people.…

    • 822 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    CONTRACTARIANISM INTRODUCTION “Any of the various theories that justify moral principles and political choices because they depend on a social contract involving certain ideal conditions. A general ethical theory, that individuals make the right choices under a hypothetical social contract.” (www.dictionary.com) “Contractarianism, which stems from the Hobbesian line of social contract thought, holds that persons are primarily self-interested, and that a rational assessment of the best strategy for attaining the maximization of their self-interest will lead them to act morally (where the moral norms are determined by the maximization of joint interest) and to consent to governmental authority. Contractualism, which stems from the Kantian…

    • 1057 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Philosophy 2306 Final Paper In The Elements of Moral Philosophy, James and Stuart Rachels discuss the ideas of ethics that a novice should challenge. This book consists of thirteen chapters. First, the author begins with the minimum conception of morality; the following three chapters cover cultural relativism and the connection between morality and religion; the middle chapters, five to twelve, focus on essential ethical theories; and the last chapter describes the author’s perspective of what a satisfactory moral theory should be like.…

    • 1430 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Natural Rights Theory

    • 1204 Words
    • 5 Pages

    According to the natural rights theory, an action is morally permissible if and only if it does not violate anyone 's negative rights and upholds your obligation to everyone 's positive rights. Positive rights are rights that others should provide for you without personally working to achieve them yourself. Negative rights are all other rights you have; everyone else only has the duty to not interfere with these rights. The challenges with this theory are agreeing on what is a right and determining if the right is positive or negative. Even Locke and the Universal declaration of human rights writers inferred different rights.…

    • 1204 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Over the last several decades the topic of animal testing for cosmetic purposes has taken the world by surprise. The throngs of questions concerning this matter have skyrocketed, yet how often are these concerns addressed? For that matter, how many citizens even understand what cosmetic animal testing entails? As defined by Humane Society International, “the term ‘animal testing’ refers to procedures performed on living animals for purposes of research into basic biology” (About Animal Testing). These procedures typically result in pain, physiological distress, and in extreme cases, death.…

    • 1600 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In order to judge a situation using Social Contract theory, we have to understand a few principles behind the theory first. These include the Social Contract, John Rawl 's Principle of Justice, and the Difference Principle. Using these three ideas, we can determine what constitutes a community of people, what makes a moral rule correct, and which correct moral rules would be accepted by a community of people. The Social Contract is this idea that when people come together to form a community, moral rules must be agreed upon that benefit everyone in the community. Not only that, but the Social Contract needs some kind of established governing body to enforce the agreed upon rules.…

    • 834 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    There are several factors that can influence an individual’s attitude toward human rights. Some of these factors may include, but are not limited to gender, race, ethnicity, personal beliefs, and tolerance. There are three major categories that influence a person. These three major categories being genetics, environment, and choice. An individual’s environment has a huge impact on his or her attitudes toward the topic of human rights.…

    • 1557 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays