Raphael was born on April 6, 1483 in Urbino, Italy. He was originally born as Rafaello Sanzio, he is an Italian Renaissance painter and architect. Raphael’s father, Giovanni Santi was painter at the court of Urbino. In 1499, Raphael decided to go to Perugia, to work with another famous artist Perugino. His “elegant and graceful style” was attracted by Raphael, he used this inspiration towards Marriage of the Virgin.…
Galileo Galilei was born on February 15, 1564, in Pisa, Italy. He was the first of six children born to Vincenzo Galilei, a well-known musician and music theorist, and Giulia Ammannati. In 1574, his family moved to Florence, where Galileo began his formal education at the Camaldolese monastery in Vallombrosa. Galileo Galilei is remembered for several things but one in particular was making observations that essentially set the foundation for modern physics and astronomy. Galileo was never married, however, he did have a brief relationship with Marina Gamba, a woman he had met on one of his many trips to Venice.…
Jean Jacque Rousseau, one of the great philosophers of the French enlightenment, was born in Geneva, Switzerland, and raised by an aunt and uncle, after his mother died days after his birth. At the age of thirteen he was apprenticed to an engraver, but ran away three years later, eventually becoming the secretary for Madame Louise de Warens, who influenced his life and writings. In 1742, Rousseau went to Paris, where he became a friend of Denis Diderot, a French philosopher and the writer of Encyclopedie, the "bible" of the Enlightenment. Rousseau was a creative writer and used everything from opera to novels and romances to explain his philosophy. He believed that human beings are inherently good, but are corrupted by the evils of society.…
In Meditations on First Philosophy Rene Descartes attempts to reconcile a Christian metaphysics with a new epistemology contrary to the scholastic, Aristotelian worldview. He seeks new foundations that knowledge can be built upon and tries to accomplish this by identifying basic, indubitable axioms to derive more complex truths by. As Descartes had a background in mathematics and geometry, these tenets are proposed alike mathematical truths in that they are self-evidential. He calls these axioms ,”clear and distinct perceptions”. For the Cartesian epistemology and metaphysics to be plausible, these perceptions must be not only epistemologically privileged, but also universal and justifiable as mathematical truths are, in terms of semantics and self-evidentiality.…
When it comes to Nicholas of Cusa and Rene Descartes and their ideas of the infinite, the differences are many while the similarities are few. Nicholas of Cusa, who lived from 1401 to 1464, recognized the open-ended, positive aspect of nature which later led him to view the infinite as a never-ending circle; a changing and developing circle that is. In contrast, Rene Descartes, who lived from 1596 to 1650, struggled with trusting whether or not the world even exists outside of the private ego—to him, the two were blended. Descartes, later, came to the conclusion to use his own knowledge in proving certain aspects of the infinite, which would, in a way, strengthen his arguments. Despite their different approaches and ideas, in general, of the infinite, these two philosophers came to find important realizations of human nature and the world around them.…
Michel de Nostredame other wise known as Nostradamus was born on December the fourteenth of 1503 to parents Reyniere de St-Reny and husband Jaume de Nostradame. Nostradamus was born in Saint-Remy-de-Provence, France and had eight other brothers and sisters making him the ninth child. His parents were in the working class; his father was a grain dealer as well as a part time notary. Nostradamus is from a Jewish descent, as his grandfather Guy Gassinet converted to the Catholic faith trying to not be victimized during the time of the Inquisition. Guy then changed his name from Gassinet to Nostradame.…
Rene Descartes’ statement, “I at least know for certain that nothing is certain” perfectly illustrates the multiple problems that arise when all rational beings realize that their senses can deceive them and that the very foundation of their knowledge is based on the assumption that everything they encounter is real. Thankfully, being aware of the problem is the first step in solving it. The juxtaposition of Rene Descartes and William Shakespeare reveals a difference of opinion when they set out to examine and solve the problems that arise from the doubtfulness of the knowledge provided by our senses. Although both authors agree on the importance of solitude and the potential problem of an evil genius manipulating our senses, Descartes’ use…
A Skeptics Inception In Descartes Skepticism he excises the idea of doubt and the never ending allurement to some sort of doubt that is within life. Descartes says that everything you know no matter how probable or improbable it is has doubt. In Descartes meditation one and two he goes over his three main points of doubt. First, he wonders if he may be crazy, secondly if he is dreaming and thirdly if he is being tricked.…
The discussion on whether the idea of God is innate has been held among many philosophers. There are two philosophers, Rene Descartes and John Locke, who both have come up detailed explanation and understanding of the idea of God. Descartes believes that the idea of God is innate and inborn with a human mind. Yet Locke argues that the idea of God is not innate. Two philosophers’ opinions reach a disagreement.…
In December 1503, Michel de Nostradame was born to Reyniere de St-Remy and Jaume de Nostradame. He was born in Saint-Remy-de-Provence in southern…
In Discourse on Method and Related Writings author René Descartes explains how he developed his unique and, especially for his time, unconventional reasoning in an autobiographical style. The story of his intellectual development is an unconventional one, and he describes how his revolutionary method had transformed him into the distinguished and ever prevalent philosopher that we know him to be today. It is apparent that Descartes was the black sheep of his class, using other methods and standards for education in his time, in the early seventeenth century, when education was something that had been the same for practically over a century. Because of his unique education, which he acquired through traveling the world, he also had a unique…
In Meditation 6, we learn that Descartes comes to the conclusion that the mind and body are two separate entities. His belief is that through the idea that mind and body are separate entities, without the other, one can still exist. He comes to this conclusion by arguing that the mind, a non-extended thinking thing, is an entirely different being than the body, an extended thinking thing, is. He believes that the mind and soul are united to the body but still can be separated from each other and still exist.…
Galileo Galilei was born on February 15, 1564 in Pisa, Italy. He was the son of Italian musician and musical theorist, Vincenzo Galilei, and Giulia Ammannati. Galileo was the oldest of 5 children in his family. Not only was he a mathematic professor and astronomer, but he was also a scientist. In fact, he was nicknamed “The Father of Modern Science”.…
René Descartes first builds up his position in Meditations on First Philosophy by starting with pushing aside all that we know and learned as it was based on the empiricist thinking, that our beliefs are to be based on our sense experience, which is the perceived foundation of how everyone thinks. This way of thinking, according to Descartes, should be abandon as it is a defective way to do so when learning. Even thinking by numbers and figures are not a good foundation when gaining knowledge in Descartes’ Meditations, so he takes through his thoughts so that we come to same conclusion as him on why the methodological doubt should be used to better our understanding of the world. The beliefs we currently have are invalid since our senses…
Christina Rossetti was born in London on December 5, 1830. She was the youngest out of four kids in her family. Her father was an Italian poet and also a political exile. Rossetti's childhood was exceptionally happy. Her parents gave her so much affection and care.…