In sum, the Privileges and Immunities Clause and the Due Process Clause were the most applicable causes of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Privileges and Immunities Clause specified whether all state laws should be applied equally to its citizens or whether state laws should have certain substantive content. The substantive content should include all of the rights in the Constitution and the Bill of Rights (2). Next, the Due Process Clause acknowledged that prior to the Fourteenth Amendment, the Bill of Rights was only restricted to the federal government. To illustrate, the Fourth Amendment protected citizens, their dwellings and documents against unlawful searches and seizures on the state and federal levels equally.
