Multiple Sclerosis Research Paper

Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects about 2.3 million people from around the world and women are affected by it by about two times more than men. For characteristics, MS has three different phenotypic subtypes; progressive relapsing MS, secondary progressive MS, and primary progressive MS. The causes of multiple sclerosis are uncertain, but it is considered an autoimmune disease. An autoimmune disease is where the immune system attacks its own tissue. MS is thought to be responsible for environmental factors and genetics. It affects many body systems such as the immune, skeletal, and digestive systems. It affects the immune system by attacking healthy nerve tissue, the skeletal system is affected from bones being weakened and you have a higher risk of obtaining osteoporosis, and the digestive system is affected from bowel problems, which causes constipation, diarrhea, loss of …show more content…
This happens in and around the plaques. Signs and symptoms of MS include; hearing loss, seizures, trouble swallowing, uncontrollable shaking, extended double vision, complete or partial loss of vision, pain while moving your eye, weakness or numbness in one or more limbs, slurred speech, pain or tingling in body parts, fatigue, dizziness, tremors, bowel and bladder function problems, and electric shock sensations that occur during certain neck movements. The signs and symptoms are different from person to person.

For diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, doctors will take an eye exam, a spinal tap, and a neurological exam. The eye exam checks response times and distortion of the inner eye. During the spinal tap, a sample of spinal fluid is taken out with a long needle and is tested. The neurological exam checks for reduced nerve functioning. These tests are used by doctors to look for damage to the central nervous system in two different areas. These tests are what is used to rule out other