Mucormycosis is the third most common invasive fungal infection that is life threatening to individuals with immunodeficiency. The number of patients at risk is also dramatically increasing due to the increasing prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis, cancer, and organ transplantation. The recent outbreaks of the hospital-acquired Rhizopus delemar infection in New Orleans (2008-2009) and at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (2004-2005) resulting in multiple fatalities emphasized the urgent need for early diagnosis of infection. Early diagnosis of infection is essential to facilitate timely and effective antifungal intervention. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) have recently been discovered as a form
