The road to democracy is paved by the principle of equality of condition (Tocqueville). Baogang He and Mark Warren state that democracy involves the inclusion of individuals in matters that potentially affect them through votes, voice, and related rights. Democracy is a political electoral system, where the people of a certain country elect a representative to guide them and tell them what to do. Democracy rests upon the principles of majority rule and individual rights, ensuring that everyone’s voice is heard out and that no one is left behind; it is rule by the more numerous groups who constitute the majority – the citizens (Acemoglu & Robinson …show more content…
Unequal treatment received by different social segments on civil and political rights, such as the insufficient representation of women in the National Congress (less than 9%) or unbalanced social and economic integration of poor population – as afro-Brazilian descents and other minority groups – not to mention their risky urban integration and vulnerability in areas of violence, indicates that the process of extending citizenship to all is still not completed. Homicides of blacks area are 132% bigger than of white persons. Human rights violation by police and public safety forces, such as excessive use of force, torture of prisoners or even killing, are still a problem, for example the Carandiru prison (Moisés 2013). The Brazilian case offers a particularly striking contrast of democratization: an intriguing mixture of positive and negative aspects, of progression and of regression, of stagnation and stasis (Kingstone &