Humanism is a psychological trend which rose in the fifties and sixties of the 20th century in American. Its main representative figures are Maslow (A.H. Maslow) and Rodgers (C.R.Rogers). Humanistic psychologists regarded students as “people” and emphasized the factors of human in the process of learning to respect people, the learners’ will, feelings, needs and values. Maslow stressed that research in the teaching process should pay attention to students’ cognition, emotion, motivation, interest, the potential of the inner world and respect each student’s personality to protect students’ self-esteem, help each student to fully tap their own potential, develop their personality and realize their own value. Rodgers once said, the students’ learning
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Its theory tells us that knowledge itself is constructed and connected with each other. The acquisition of knowledge is not from the teachers’ teaching but from learning and construction with others’ help and necessary information under the specific social cultural background. The core of the theory is student-centered, emphasizing students’ active exploration of knowledge, self discovery and active construction of knowledge significance. Constuctivism advocates learner centered learning under the guidance of the teacher. That is to say it emphasizes the students’ role in cognition without neglecting the guiding role of teachers. When a person links the new knowledge with the knowledge existed, the constructive process is a kind of meaningful learning. Teaching is not to teach the textbook knowledge, but to help students construct the gradually deepening understanding and knowledge structure based on personal knowledge and experience. The key of constructive learning is to create an initiative, cooperation inquiry-learning atmosphere. The constructive view on evaluation has the following characteristics. (1) It emphasizes the evaluation on the knowledge construction process. Learning process should not only depends on the results of the study, but also on the evaluation of their learning process. (2) Self and cognitive development evaluation are emphasized. Constructive evaluation pays attention to the students’ …show more content…
The intelligence is defined as “the ability to solve problem or manufacturer products”. He believes that each person has at least 8 kinds of intelligence: linguistic intelligence, logical mathematical intelligence, spatial intelligence, bodily kinesthetic intelligence, musical intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence and naturalist intelligence. This theory argues that human intelligence is multiple, which can be a unique ability as well as the combination of capabilities. As an individual, people’s development of the intelligent structure is not balanced. Some develop rapidly while some slowly. Some people are good at a certain intelligence when some do well in a number of intelligence or a combination of each intelligence. So not everyone is able to maximize the development of each
Its theory tells us that knowledge itself is constructed and connected with each other. The acquisition of knowledge is not from the teachers’ teaching but from learning and construction with others’ help and necessary information under the specific social cultural background. The core of the theory is student-centered, emphasizing students’ active exploration of knowledge, self discovery and active construction of knowledge significance. Constuctivism advocates learner centered learning under the guidance of the teacher. That is to say it emphasizes the students’ role in cognition without neglecting the guiding role of teachers. When a person links the new knowledge with the knowledge existed, the constructive process is a kind of meaningful learning. Teaching is not to teach the textbook knowledge, but to help students construct the gradually deepening understanding and knowledge structure based on personal knowledge and experience. The key of constructive learning is to create an initiative, cooperation inquiry-learning atmosphere. The constructive view on evaluation has the following characteristics. (1) It emphasizes the evaluation on the knowledge construction process. Learning process should not only depends on the results of the study, but also on the evaluation of their learning process. (2) Self and cognitive development evaluation are emphasized. Constructive evaluation pays attention to the students’ …show more content…
The intelligence is defined as “the ability to solve problem or manufacturer products”. He believes that each person has at least 8 kinds of intelligence: linguistic intelligence, logical mathematical intelligence, spatial intelligence, bodily kinesthetic intelligence, musical intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence and naturalist intelligence. This theory argues that human intelligence is multiple, which can be a unique ability as well as the combination of capabilities. As an individual, people’s development of the intelligent structure is not balanced. Some develop rapidly while some slowly. Some people are good at a certain intelligence when some do well in a number of intelligence or a combination of each intelligence. So not everyone is able to maximize the development of each