Introduction The impacts of urbanization are felt not only on a global scale, but on a local scale as well. Specifically, in the recent past, there has been much research on large metropolitan areas and their response to urbanization (Liu 2015). These responses can be measured in various ways: air quality, vegetation health, water quality/management, etc. The responses are far reaching, but more importantly, they are interconnected. For example, air quality is dependent upon the health of vegetation, which is dependent upon many factors such as environmental and human influences. Cities also exhibit different air qualities, which makes efforts to reduce the effects of urbanization more challenging.
“due to cities’ characteristics, (such as …show more content…
The alternative hypothesis (H ₐ) states that trees at Mark Twain National Forest exhibit lower visible radiation values than trees at the Columbia Cemetery. The results were tested at the 5% and 15% significance level. The 5% level is the most commonly used level in statistical testing, while the 15% level is less accepted, it is not the most commonly used level because of the greater possibility (15%) the difference in results is by chance. The results of this test are significant because an accepted H ₐ indicates a strong correlation between higher visible reflectance values of vegetation in the small urban area of Columbia, Missouri. The formula for calculating the t-score for two mean samples is t= 1.043487444 & degrees of freedom= 30. According to figure 22, at the .05 confidence interval the hypothesis is proven false (t< 1.697). however, at the .15-20 confidence interval the hypothesis is true (t>.854). Therefore, there is a 15-20% probability the difference in means is due to chance. Although not statistically proven at the commonly used .05 interval, 80-85% is still a strong indication of a difference between …show more content…
“Fine grained air photo better characterized foliage-height diversity and horizontal vegetation structure within savanna and among habitats than the satellite data” (Wood 2012, 524). This study by Wood also signifies the importance of high resolution imagery in characterizing vegetation structure, thus determining the exact tree from the gps coordinates on the ground, which was a major part of the research process. Wood also emphasizes that the trees in the previously mentioned study likely grew very little between the time in-situ data was collected and when the imagery was taken over the course of several months. Since this study measured tree characteristics approximately 18 months after the imagery was collected, the d.b.h presumably changed slightly, but the correlation would likely remain the same since these measurements were accumulated over time assuming all other variables remained constant (growth, soil, climate,
“due to cities’ characteristics, (such as …show more content…
The alternative hypothesis (H ₐ) states that trees at Mark Twain National Forest exhibit lower visible radiation values than trees at the Columbia Cemetery. The results were tested at the 5% and 15% significance level. The 5% level is the most commonly used level in statistical testing, while the 15% level is less accepted, it is not the most commonly used level because of the greater possibility (15%) the difference in results is by chance. The results of this test are significant because an accepted H ₐ indicates a strong correlation between higher visible reflectance values of vegetation in the small urban area of Columbia, Missouri. The formula for calculating the t-score for two mean samples is t= 1.043487444 & degrees of freedom= 30. According to figure 22, at the .05 confidence interval the hypothesis is proven false (t< 1.697). however, at the .15-20 confidence interval the hypothesis is true (t>.854). Therefore, there is a 15-20% probability the difference in means is due to chance. Although not statistically proven at the commonly used .05 interval, 80-85% is still a strong indication of a difference between …show more content…
“Fine grained air photo better characterized foliage-height diversity and horizontal vegetation structure within savanna and among habitats than the satellite data” (Wood 2012, 524). This study by Wood also signifies the importance of high resolution imagery in characterizing vegetation structure, thus determining the exact tree from the gps coordinates on the ground, which was a major part of the research process. Wood also emphasizes that the trees in the previously mentioned study likely grew very little between the time in-situ data was collected and when the imagery was taken over the course of several months. Since this study measured tree characteristics approximately 18 months after the imagery was collected, the d.b.h presumably changed slightly, but the correlation would likely remain the same since these measurements were accumulated over time assuming all other variables remained constant (growth, soil, climate,