Experience-dependent consist of additional growth and refinement of established brain structures as a result of specific learning experiences that vary across individual and culture (Greenough & Black, 1992). Epigenesis is development resulting from ongoing, bidirectional exchanges between heredity and all levels of the environment which has an influence on cognitive and social development. It is best understood as a series of complex exchanges between nature and…
ABSTRACT: This research paper summarizes the effect of alcohol on adolescent brain development. Researchers have discovered striking changes that take place in the teen years. These findings have altered the long held assumptions about the timing of brain maturation. For instance, they discovered that the brain doesn’t look like an adult’s brain until the early 20s.…
1. There are ten ACES that someone could experience. The first five ACES are personal and they are physical abuse, verbal abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect. The last five ACES is if a child has a family member who is diagnosed with a mental illness or is suicidal, addicted to alcohol or another substance, a victim of domestic violence, in prison, or losing a parent through divorce, death, or abandonment. 2.…
Neurological Plasticity & Neurogenesis Neuroplasticity mainly focuses on the adaptation of the brain to environmental change or stimuli. According to Knaepen et al (2010) the…
Cognitive development is the construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem solving, and decision-making, from childhood through adolescence to adulthood (healthofchildren). From the age of 2 to 11 children are constantly discovering new things about themselves and their body, whether it be walking, talking or experiencing puberty. The cognitive difference between these two are tremendous and differ at each stage of growth. For example, a two-year-old is just learning how to walk and run properly while an eleven-year-old has been walking for years and is in middle school getting ready to enter adolescence. The stage between toddler and preteen is extreme, with this in mind, I chose to focus between these ages and observe…
The oblique effect is high tendency to recognized and perceived horizontal and vertical orientations rather than oblique orientations. Also, it could be defined as the deficiency in a perception of oblique objects. This effect could be caused by evaluation and by experience is due to what we perceive within our environment. Most of the things that surround us are mostly horizontal and vertical shaped objects, for ex. the building, trees, and light poles.…
It is disturbing to acknowledge that the American children are experiencing trauma at an alarming rate. Trauma just like the author posits has long term negative effects which affect the development of children physically, socially, psychologically and spiritually. Affected development in children leads to retardation some times and can even cause worse effects like being suicidal or homicidal. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) occurs when a child or teenager undergoes an event or experience that leads to them being hurt or another person being hurt or killed.…
The overproduction of synapses and synaptic pruning support infants’ and children’s ability to learn because has it states in the book,“about 40 percent of synapses are pruned during childhood and adolescence (Webb, Monk, & Nelson, 2001). For this process to advance, appropriate stimulation of the child’s brain is vital during periods in which the formation of synapses is at its peak” (Berk & Meyers, 2016, pg. 162). They also explain how stimulation has a part of this, “At first, stimulation results in massive overabundance of synapses, many of which serve identical functions, thereby ensuring that the child will acquire the motor, cognitive, and social skills that our species needs to survive” (Berk & Meyers, 2016, pg. 162). So, while their synapses is at peak during this age, it gives their brain a chance to expand and learn to things because it’s still developing.…
The executive functions involve various neurocognitive skills such as cognitive flexibility, working memory, inhibition control, reasoning, and planning (Carlson et al, 2003). It is a hierarchical model which governs the control and coordination of information processing. The executive functions emerge from infancy and develop swiftly during the preschool years. Dynamic brain changes within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are consequently closely associated with the development. Throughout the essay, I am going to focus on the childhood development of cognitive flexibility, inhibition control, planning, and working memory among the broad range of executive functions, and discuss the implications of the brain changes, in regard to the lateral PFC…
The gap between more matured subcortical limbic regions and less matured prefrontal cortex is a potential reason accounting for cultural difference in adolescent risky behaviors. Forbes and Dahl (2010) hypothesize that pubertal maturation is associated with the activation of social and motivational tendencies. It is possible that difference in motivational beliefs between independent and dependent cultures can also affect the maturation of subcortical limbic regions and prefrontal cortex. Wang and Pomerantz (2009) reported that American children valued academics less over the 7th and 8th grades, with declines in their motivational behavior as well. During the same period, Chinese children continued to value academics, sustaining their motivational behavior.…
Trauma refers to or is used to describe a significant physical or mental experience that causes some sort of drastic change within someone’s life. Traumatic experiences can have effect all individuals at any age. It can cause temporary, chronic, or life-threatening occurrences. Trauma can lead to other factors that impacts our daily lives and has a massive impact on ones future development more importantly neural development. How can such events determine ones developmental process neurologically, and how can spirituality counter the effects of trauma?…
Essay synopsis Essay question: Jean Piaget proposed a step-wise sequence of mental development during childhood. Provide an overview of Piaget’s core ideas, discussing evidence for and against these ideas. Jean Piaget (1869-1980) started to investigate children’s development after two years of working with children in Binet’s lab (Eddy, 2010).He found that children of younger aged gave different answers than those of alder age not because they have less knowledge but because they thought differently. He describes development as sequence of stages and each of these stages represents different type of thinking occurs in variable ages in different background (Vidal, 2000)…
Mathew Issac Issac 1 Professor Batorsky WRT 101 11/30/2016 Brain Development Does the question " Why is he/she smarter than me? " brush through your mind whenever you see that someone always gets better grades than you do? Brain development is affected by certain factors that include both physiological as well as environmental. However, the influence of these factors must be equalized for maximum brain functionality. The brain is considered as many things at once by different people.…
Crib Tunes May Have Made You Smarter Music is an integral part of culture, economy, society, and, not surprisingly, our development. Different musical notes condition their brains to different sounds in the environment. Furthermore, musical complexities may subconsciously work their way into the calculating capacity of the child’s cognition and inspire toward a higher level of thinking at a younger age, ultimately influencing the behavior of the adult brain. Studies that try to delineate this correlation often take years of observation, following children as they develop into adults to adequately mark the effects of music at birth.…
Have you ever wondered how you learned to crawl and then walk? How about language? Child development theories explain all these types of questions. I learned that there are many different viewpoints and theories of childhood development. Education, culture, and religious views can affect a parent’s decision on how to raise their children.…