In a 2011 study titled “The Health Action Process Approach as a Motivational Model for Physical Activity Self-Management for People With Multiple Sclerosis” by Chung-Yi Chui, et al (2011) HAPA was tested as a motivational model for physical activity self-management for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). There were 195 participants who were found through a university teaching hospital in the Midwest, and through the National Multiple Sclerosis Society.
There were several instruments used in this study. The Minimal Record of Disability (MRD), evaluates MS symptoms, and the performance of activities of daily living (ADL’s). It incorporates two subscales. One is the Incapacity Status Scale (ISS), which focuses on the functional disability in …show more content…
It was hypothesized that HAPA would predict smoking reduction in young adults. Ten high schools in Poland were visited. It involved 832 students. The students were asked a brief questionnaire about their beliefs pertaining to smoking (Time 1). Then the students completed a second questionnaire (Time 2), a month later. The third questionnaire was given 6 months, past Time 2.
At the time of the study, it was reported that on average, students smoked more than 11 cigarettes a day. The participants were from 18-21 years of age. The findings suggest to positive outcomes in the expectancy to quit smoking, is higher if the determinants are strong …show more content…
One strength includes that HAPA is not exclusively a stage model or exclusively a continuum model. Continuum models of health behavior change are often criticized for what is known as the intention-behavior gap (Schwarzer & Luszczynska, 2008). Such models place people along a continuum in regards to readiness for action and these models assume that a person’s action-behavior is a result of their intention to perform that behavior (Schwarzer & Luszczynska, 2008). The issue is intention alone does not predict behavior and these models do little to account for the space between intention and behavior when intention is present but behavior is not being executed. This space between intention and behavior is known as the intention-behavior gap (Schwarzer & Luszczynska, 2008). The HAPA accounts for the intention-behavior gap by describing various factors and barriers that may facilitate or prevent intention from evolving into action (Schwarzer & Luszczynska, 2008). These factors include maintenance self-efficacy and recovery self-efficacy along with social support or lack thereof (Schwarzer et al., 2011). According to Schwarzer et al., (2011) the identification of post-intentional factors in a social cognition model is unique and acts as a strength for the HAPA model.
The HAPA model is a hybrid model as it can be applied as either a stage or continuum model (Schwarzer & Luszczynska,
There were several instruments used in this study. The Minimal Record of Disability (MRD), evaluates MS symptoms, and the performance of activities of daily living (ADL’s). It incorporates two subscales. One is the Incapacity Status Scale (ISS), which focuses on the functional disability in …show more content…
It was hypothesized that HAPA would predict smoking reduction in young adults. Ten high schools in Poland were visited. It involved 832 students. The students were asked a brief questionnaire about their beliefs pertaining to smoking (Time 1). Then the students completed a second questionnaire (Time 2), a month later. The third questionnaire was given 6 months, past Time 2.
At the time of the study, it was reported that on average, students smoked more than 11 cigarettes a day. The participants were from 18-21 years of age. The findings suggest to positive outcomes in the expectancy to quit smoking, is higher if the determinants are strong …show more content…
One strength includes that HAPA is not exclusively a stage model or exclusively a continuum model. Continuum models of health behavior change are often criticized for what is known as the intention-behavior gap (Schwarzer & Luszczynska, 2008). Such models place people along a continuum in regards to readiness for action and these models assume that a person’s action-behavior is a result of their intention to perform that behavior (Schwarzer & Luszczynska, 2008). The issue is intention alone does not predict behavior and these models do little to account for the space between intention and behavior when intention is present but behavior is not being executed. This space between intention and behavior is known as the intention-behavior gap (Schwarzer & Luszczynska, 2008). The HAPA accounts for the intention-behavior gap by describing various factors and barriers that may facilitate or prevent intention from evolving into action (Schwarzer & Luszczynska, 2008). These factors include maintenance self-efficacy and recovery self-efficacy along with social support or lack thereof (Schwarzer et al., 2011). According to Schwarzer et al., (2011) the identification of post-intentional factors in a social cognition model is unique and acts as a strength for the HAPA model.
The HAPA model is a hybrid model as it can be applied as either a stage or continuum model (Schwarzer & Luszczynska,