They surveyed runners on their emotion regulation strategies within the hour prior to training or competing. They had 506 responses (189 male and 317 female), ranging from age 16-67. In the survey, the participants reported the weekly mileage they run, the average was 22.74 miles. They also responded to questions regarding whether they run in organized races or events, and if so, what their upper distance limit is. They received responses spanning the spectrum. The distance of the run was also used for the participants to describe the use of their emotion regulation …show more content…
If statements overlapped, they were coded into multiple categories. The results of the study were displayed in five different subheads: task preparation, avoidance, positive thinking, negative thinking and self in relation to others. In regards to task preparation, they determined that goal setting was used 23% of the time, listening to music was used 9% of the time, visualization was used 8.5% of the time, physical task focus was used 5.5% of the time, physical preparation was used 4.5% of the time, and race task focus was used 4.5% of the time. In regards to avoidance, distraction was used 12% of the time and downplaying outcomes was used 5.5% of the time. In regards to positive thinking, recalling past accomplishments was used 12% of the time, anticipated pleasant emotions after running was used 10% of the time, self-reassurance was used 6.5% of the time, general positivity was used 4.5% of the time, active enjoyment was used 3% of the time, anticipated benefits was used 3% of the time, doing one’s best was used 2% of the time, gratitude was used 1% of the time, anticipated behavioral rewards was used 1% of the time and passive enjoyment was used .5% of the time. In regards to negative thinking, negative focus was used 8.5% of the time, reframing was used 7% of the time and anticipated unpleasant emotions were used 3% of the time. In regards to self in relation to others, receiving social support