Currently schizophrenia is considered as a multifactorial disease. Up to 80 % of cases of
40 schizophrenia are associated in one way or another with genetic factors (7, 8). Carried out recently
41 GWAS-analyses have revealed genes associated with schizophrenia (for example, NRGN, TCF4 and
42 TSNARE1), functions of some genes are still unknown (9, 10). Therefore, the known genetic risk
43 cannot yet answer what is the cause of the disease and what underlies its pathogenesis. There are
44 several basic hypotheses of development of schizophrenia. The earliest one of them postulates that
45 the cause of the disease consists in dopamine metabolism disturbance, namely – in increase in its
46 synthesis (11, 12). The second version of the same hypothesis argues that dopamine metabolism is …show more content…
In particular, negative symptoms were attempted to associate
49 with low-dopaminergiс state (14). Finally, the dopaminergic theory was reduced to concept of “a
50 final general way” that is interpreted as influence of various factors, including exogenous ones, on
51 presynaptic dopamine neurotransmission in striatum and that leads to development of the disease
52 (15). It is possible to consider as addition to the dopaminergic theory of schizophrenia recognition of
53 the role of glutamate (NMDA-receptors) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in pathogenesis of
54 schizophrenia (16, 17). Another hypothesis is associated with detection of disturbances of
55 development of some areas of the brain in schizophrenics (18). The latter hypothesis has much
56 evidence (19, 20), especially in the aspect of neurocognitive impairment (21). The close point of
57 view is a neurodegenerative theory of the disease. The essence of the theory is that schizophrenia is
58 not a consequence of the wrong development, but of gradual progressive disintegration of
40 schizophrenia are associated in one way or another with genetic factors (7, 8). Carried out recently
41 GWAS-analyses have revealed genes associated with schizophrenia (for example, NRGN, TCF4 and
42 TSNARE1), functions of some genes are still unknown (9, 10). Therefore, the known genetic risk
43 cannot yet answer what is the cause of the disease and what underlies its pathogenesis. There are
44 several basic hypotheses of development of schizophrenia. The earliest one of them postulates that
45 the cause of the disease consists in dopamine metabolism disturbance, namely – in increase in its
46 synthesis (11, 12). The second version of the same hypothesis argues that dopamine metabolism is …show more content…
In particular, negative symptoms were attempted to associate
49 with low-dopaminergiс state (14). Finally, the dopaminergic theory was reduced to concept of “a
50 final general way” that is interpreted as influence of various factors, including exogenous ones, on
51 presynaptic dopamine neurotransmission in striatum and that leads to development of the disease
52 (15). It is possible to consider as addition to the dopaminergic theory of schizophrenia recognition of
53 the role of glutamate (NMDA-receptors) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in pathogenesis of
54 schizophrenia (16, 17). Another hypothesis is associated with detection of disturbances of
55 development of some areas of the brain in schizophrenics (18). The latter hypothesis has much
56 evidence (19, 20), especially in the aspect of neurocognitive impairment (21). The close point of
57 view is a neurodegenerative theory of the disease. The essence of the theory is that schizophrenia is
58 not a consequence of the wrong development, but of gradual progressive disintegration of