Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. It accounts for the deaths of about 610,000 people every year; that’s about 1 in every 4 deaths. Out of this number, about 370,000 can be attributed to Coronary Heart Diseases (CHD). As the most prevalent type of heart disease, billions of dollars have been invested in healthcare and medication to help prevent incidences of CHD. The American Heart association has projected the total costs of CHD from $132 billion in 2015 to $322 billion by 2030. Thus, prevention of CHD is vital for reducing the socio-economic burden on individuals and the nation.
Numerous risk factors have been linked to incidences of CHD including obesity, high blood LDL cholesterol, hypertension, and diabetes. …show more content…
The researchers hypothesized that associations with CVDs may be food specific, and that dairy and plant fat would be unassociated with CVDs, whereas meat SF would be associated with CVDs. During the study, 6814 participants (45-84y old) at baseline were followed from 2000 to 2010, and their diets were assessed with a 120-food item food frequency questionnaire. Subjects with energy intakes ˂600 or ˃ 6000 kcal/d (n = 801) and unreliable information (incomplete forms, a high frequency of food skipped) (n= 577) were excluded. 35 subjects who did not return for an examination after baseline were excluded as well as 859 subjects who were previously diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. To minimize the effects of potential confounding variables, factors such as demographics, education, medication use, physical activity, smoking, and drinking habits were carefully evaluated at …show more content…
On the other hand, meat SF intake was associated with higher risk of CVD [HR (95% CI) of 1.31 (1.09, 1.59) for each +5 g/d. There were similar associations when CHD were evaluated separately. There was a 25% lower CVD risk [HR (95% CI): 0.75 (0.63, 0.91) when 2% of meat saturated fats were substituted with an equivalent amount of energy from dairy saturated fats. Substitution of dairy saturated fats with similar intake from plant saturated fats was not significantly associated with CVD risk. The researchers also observed no associations between plant saturated fats, and butter SF, although food intake from this group was very low. Per the evidence presented, the authors then concluded that consumption of dairy SF is inversely associated with CVD risk, and the consumption of meat SF is positively associated with CVD risk. They also noted that, associations of SF with health may depend on food-specific fatty acids or other nutrient constituents in foods that contain SF, in addition to the specific SF.
Strengths of the study includes the prospective design of the study. This enabled the researchers to estimate CVD outcomes with little interference from reverse causality between food intake and possible outcomes. Also, the multiethnic nature of the research participants
Numerous risk factors have been linked to incidences of CHD including obesity, high blood LDL cholesterol, hypertension, and diabetes. …show more content…
The researchers hypothesized that associations with CVDs may be food specific, and that dairy and plant fat would be unassociated with CVDs, whereas meat SF would be associated with CVDs. During the study, 6814 participants (45-84y old) at baseline were followed from 2000 to 2010, and their diets were assessed with a 120-food item food frequency questionnaire. Subjects with energy intakes ˂600 or ˃ 6000 kcal/d (n = 801) and unreliable information (incomplete forms, a high frequency of food skipped) (n= 577) were excluded. 35 subjects who did not return for an examination after baseline were excluded as well as 859 subjects who were previously diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. To minimize the effects of potential confounding variables, factors such as demographics, education, medication use, physical activity, smoking, and drinking habits were carefully evaluated at …show more content…
On the other hand, meat SF intake was associated with higher risk of CVD [HR (95% CI) of 1.31 (1.09, 1.59) for each +5 g/d. There were similar associations when CHD were evaluated separately. There was a 25% lower CVD risk [HR (95% CI): 0.75 (0.63, 0.91) when 2% of meat saturated fats were substituted with an equivalent amount of energy from dairy saturated fats. Substitution of dairy saturated fats with similar intake from plant saturated fats was not significantly associated with CVD risk. The researchers also observed no associations between plant saturated fats, and butter SF, although food intake from this group was very low. Per the evidence presented, the authors then concluded that consumption of dairy SF is inversely associated with CVD risk, and the consumption of meat SF is positively associated with CVD risk. They also noted that, associations of SF with health may depend on food-specific fatty acids or other nutrient constituents in foods that contain SF, in addition to the specific SF.
Strengths of the study includes the prospective design of the study. This enabled the researchers to estimate CVD outcomes with little interference from reverse causality between food intake and possible outcomes. Also, the multiethnic nature of the research participants