The Effects of ieTILs and Ligand Interactions in Cervical Cancer Patients: Are There Predictions for Patient Survivorship?
Aman Kumar
State University of New York at Fredonia1, Department of Psychology2 INTRODUCTION
Oncogenes are genes that are involved in abnormal tissue growth and exhibit a wide-variety of mutant protein expression (oncoproteins). Such genes are involved in causing cervical cancer which may begin with the frequent infection of the human papillomavirus (HPV). In most women, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is malignant and causes abnormal growths on the cervix. In rare cases, these lesions transform from cervical neoplasia I to cervical neoplasia III and eventually, to cervical cancer. These cancer cells constitutively …show more content…
The researchers examined 115 individuals who were diagnosed with cervical cancer, and used their cervical tissue. These tissues were fixed in formalin and paraffin-embedded, and collected from 1985 to 1999. These patients had never been treated with chemotherapy prior to the surgery and were from the Netherlands. The subjects in control group were 9 individuals who had no cervical-related issues and had undergone hysterectomies. The study was approved and guidelines were followed according to the guidelines of the Dutch Federation of Medical Research Associations. Quadruple fluorescent and enzymatic immunostaining of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and their ligands had been performed using 4 µm sectioned fixed tissues. A citrate antigen was silver stained with anti-cytokeratin AE1/AE3 antibody (IgG1), followed by a mixture of antibodies ab828 (polyclonal, anti-CD8), HNK-1 (IgM, anti-CD57), and 4B11 (IgG2b, anti-CD8) were added to a slide of the fixed tissue. This procedure was then followed by the addition of fluorescent antibody conjugates to the added antibodies; IgG-Alexa Fluor 546, IgM-Alexa Fluor 488, IgG2b-Alexa Fluor 647. The same procedure was performed for the control tissues as well. The slides were imaged under a confocal laser scanning microscope in order to retrieve a cell count of lymphocytes …show more content…
The test also indicated that the NK cells (NKT1, NKT2, and NK1) correlated with one another on a range of coefficients from 0.298 to 0.678 (P < 0.004). The investigation of expression of CD8+T cells, NK cell ligands HLA class I, and MICA indicated that HLA overall, was estimated to be present in 50% of the patients, and weakly expressed in 20% of the patients. MICA was also present, but weakly expressed in 64% of the patients. However, the normal patients exhibited a high level of MICA. In the association of the variation of ieTILs, HLA class I, and MICA expression numbers did not follow a trend, but were standardized after a median had been
Aman Kumar
State University of New York at Fredonia1, Department of Psychology2 INTRODUCTION
Oncogenes are genes that are involved in abnormal tissue growth and exhibit a wide-variety of mutant protein expression (oncoproteins). Such genes are involved in causing cervical cancer which may begin with the frequent infection of the human papillomavirus (HPV). In most women, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is malignant and causes abnormal growths on the cervix. In rare cases, these lesions transform from cervical neoplasia I to cervical neoplasia III and eventually, to cervical cancer. These cancer cells constitutively …show more content…
The researchers examined 115 individuals who were diagnosed with cervical cancer, and used their cervical tissue. These tissues were fixed in formalin and paraffin-embedded, and collected from 1985 to 1999. These patients had never been treated with chemotherapy prior to the surgery and were from the Netherlands. The subjects in control group were 9 individuals who had no cervical-related issues and had undergone hysterectomies. The study was approved and guidelines were followed according to the guidelines of the Dutch Federation of Medical Research Associations. Quadruple fluorescent and enzymatic immunostaining of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and their ligands had been performed using 4 µm sectioned fixed tissues. A citrate antigen was silver stained with anti-cytokeratin AE1/AE3 antibody (IgG1), followed by a mixture of antibodies ab828 (polyclonal, anti-CD8), HNK-1 (IgM, anti-CD57), and 4B11 (IgG2b, anti-CD8) were added to a slide of the fixed tissue. This procedure was then followed by the addition of fluorescent antibody conjugates to the added antibodies; IgG-Alexa Fluor 546, IgM-Alexa Fluor 488, IgG2b-Alexa Fluor 647. The same procedure was performed for the control tissues as well. The slides were imaged under a confocal laser scanning microscope in order to retrieve a cell count of lymphocytes …show more content…
The test also indicated that the NK cells (NKT1, NKT2, and NK1) correlated with one another on a range of coefficients from 0.298 to 0.678 (P < 0.004). The investigation of expression of CD8+T cells, NK cell ligands HLA class I, and MICA indicated that HLA overall, was estimated to be present in 50% of the patients, and weakly expressed in 20% of the patients. MICA was also present, but weakly expressed in 64% of the patients. However, the normal patients exhibited a high level of MICA. In the association of the variation of ieTILs, HLA class I, and MICA expression numbers did not follow a trend, but were standardized after a median had been