Sociology Vocabulary

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Race

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A category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior, on the basis of real or alleged physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, eye shape, or other attributes.

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Dominant Group

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Has superior resources & rights in a society.

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Subordinate group

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One whose members are subjected to unequal treatment by the dominant group & who regard themselves as objects.as collective discrimination.

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Prejudice

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A negative attitude based on generalizations about members in a selected racial, ethnic, or other groups.

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Authoritarian Personality Hypothesis

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characterized by excessive conformity, submissiveness to authority, intolerance, insecurity, a high level of superstition, & rigid, stereotypic thinking.

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Social Distance

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Back (Definition)

The extent to which people are willing to interact & establish relationships with members of racial & ethnic groups other than their own

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Discrimination

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Involves actions or practices of dominant group members that have a harmful impact on members of a subordinate group

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Individual discrimination

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One-on-one acts by members of the dominant group that harm members of the subordinate group or their property

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Institutional Discrimination

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Consists of the practices of organizations & institution that harm members of subordinate groups

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Isolate discrimination

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A prejudice judge giving harsher sentences to African American defendants

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Small-group discrimination

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Small group of white students defacing a professors office with racist epithets

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Direct institutionalized Discrimination

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Intentional exclusion of people of color from public accommodations

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Indirect institutionalized discrimination

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Special education classes may have contributed to racial stereotyping.

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Assimilation

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Process by which members of racial & ethnic groups are absorbed into the dominant culture

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Ethnic pluralism

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The coexistence of a variety of distinct racial and ethnic groups within one society

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Caste perspective

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Views racial and ethnic inequality as a permanent featur of the us society

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Class perspectives

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Emphasize the role of the capitalist class in racial exploitation

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Internal colonialism

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Occurs when members of a racial or ethnic group are placed under the control of the dominant group

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Split major market

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The division of the economy into a primary sector of higher paid in a secure job and a secondary sector of lower paid workers in jobs with little security & hazardous conditions

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Critical Race Theory

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•The belief that racism is such an ingrained feature of U.S. society that it appears to be ordinary & natural to many people.

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Frustration–Aggression Hypothesis

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People who are frustrated in their efforts to achieve a highly desired goal will respond with a pattern of aggression toward others

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Scapegoat

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A person or group that is incapable of offering resistance to the hostility or aggression of others