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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sex
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biological (genitalia)
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sociology
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the systematic, scientific study of human society
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sociology
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the systematic study of human society, or group human behavior choices
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Freud's word for a persons conscious efforts to balance innate pleasure-seeking drives with the demands of society
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ego
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Gender
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Socialization issues ex: metro-sexual
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Piaget's term for the level of human development at which individuals think abstractly and critically
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formal operational stage
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all the statuses a person holds at a given time
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status set
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a social position a person receives at birth or assumes involuntarily later in life
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ascribed status
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the surrounding area which a person makes some claim to privacy
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personal space
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manifest function
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the recognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern
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Freud's word for the operation of culture within the individual in the form of internalized values and norms
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superego
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latent function
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unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social patterns
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George Herbert Mead's term for that part of an individual's personality composed of self-awareness
and self-image |
self
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dysfunction
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any social pattern that may disrupt the operation of society
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behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status
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role
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conflict theory
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a framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequaliity that generates conflict and change
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the process by which people creatively shape reality through sociel interaction
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social construction of reality
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Goffmans term for an individuals efforts to create specific impressions in the minds of others
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presentation of self
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the life long social experience by which individuals develop their human potential and learn culture
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Socialization
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Piaget's term for the level of human development at which individuals experience the world only through their senses
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sensorimotor stage
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Labelling Theory
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The assertion that deviance and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions.
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Charles Horton Cooley's term referring to a self-image based on how we think others see us
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looking-glass self
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Primary deviance
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Such passing episodes as skipping school or underage drinking
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Secondary deviance
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When a person repeatedly violate a norm and begin to take on a deviant identity.
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Stigma
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a powerfully negative label that greatly changes a person's self-concept and social identity.
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a social position that an individual occupies
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status
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a number of roles attached to a single status
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role set
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Control Theory
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Travis Hirschi (1969) (SI)
Social control depends on anticipating the consequences of one's behaviour. People who feel they have little to lose from performing deviant acts usually become rule breakers. |
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the assertion that situations defined as real become real in their consequences
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Thomas theorem
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Hirschi's 4 types of social control
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1. Attachment: Strong social attachments encourages conformity.
2. Opportunity: Greater the access, greater the advantages of conformity. 3. Involvement: A lot of time spent at job or school inhibits deviance. 4. Belief: strong beliefs in conventional morality and respect for authority figures restrain tendencies toward deviance. |
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a person's fairly consistent patterns of acting, thinking, and feeling
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personality
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Deviance and power
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Alexander Liazos (1972) (SC)
Deviant people are usually powerless. |
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Piaget's term for the level of human development at which individuals first use language and other symbols
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preoperational stage
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a social group whose members have interests, social position and age in common
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peer group
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a status that has a special importance for social identity often shaping a person's entire life
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master status
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conflict among roles corresponding to two or more statuses
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role conflict
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Manifest Functions
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intended, expected consequences
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Latent Functions
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unintended, unexpected consequences
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Freud's word for the human being's basic drives
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id
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Dysfunctions
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unexpected detrimental consequences
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Piaget's term for the level of human development at which individuals first perceive causal connections in their surroundings
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concrete operational stage
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Social Conflict
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the struggle for agency (independence & freedom) or power in society.
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a setting in which people are isolated from the rest of society and manipulated by an administrative staff
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total institution
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the process by which people act and react in relation to others
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social interaction
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Social Norms
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the behaviors and cues within a society or group. "customary rules of behavior that coordinate our interactions with others."
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a social position a person assumes voluntarily and that reflects personal ability and choice
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achieved status
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Culture
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A population’s characteristic values, beliefs, behaviors, & artifacts, which are preserved & transmitted from generation to generation.
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tension among roles connected to a single status
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role strain
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two or more people who identify and interact with one another
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social group
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a small social group whose members share personal and enduring relationships
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primary group
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a large impersonal social group whose members pursue a specific goal or activity
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secondary group
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Laws
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Formalized norms enforced through specific penalties by designated authorities
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a social group with two members
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dyad
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a large secondary group that is organized to achieve its goals efficiently
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formal organization
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Max Webber's term for the change from tradition to rationality as the dominant mode of human thought
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rationalization
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