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123 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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def: the framework that surrounds us, consisting of the relationships of people and groups.
social class social structure social status |
social structure
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What are the 6 major components of social structure:
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culture
social class social status roles groups social institutions |
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social structure tends to override personal feelings and desires.
true false |
true
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language, beliefs, values, behaviors, gestures (material and nonmaterial objects)
social class roles culture |
culture
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__________lays the broadest foundation- determines what kind of people we will become
culture social class social status |
culture
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divides people based on income, education, and occupational prestige.
social status social class roles |
social class
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the position that one occupies in a society or in a social group- positions may or may not carry prestige.
social class social status roles |
social status
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refers to our occupying several positions simultaneously
mom-student-employee status set status inconsistency |
status set
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a mismatch where one occupies a higher rank in one area, but lower in another
status set status inconsistency |
status inconsistency
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the behaviors, obligations, and privileges attached to a status and tell us what is expected of us
status roles groups |
roles
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what is the difference between a role and status
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you occupy a status but you play a role
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people who we have something in common with AND we believe that what we share in common is important. Share similar values, norms, and expectations
social institutions groups roles |
groups
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the standard ways that a society organizes to meet its needs
groups social institutions social status |
social institutions
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positions one inherits at birth or receives involuntary later in life
What type of status is this? |
ascribed status
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positions that are earned, accomplished or involve at least some effort or activity on the individual's part
What type of status is this? |
achieved status
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This status is one that cuts through the other 2 statuses
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master status
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whats the difference between the ascribed, achieved, and master statuses?
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ascribed is what your born with.
achieved is what you earn master is what you are referred to as always. Ex. m/f or rich |
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Name 3 basic social institutions:
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family
education religion media military |
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Name some key features of family:
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reproduction
take care of children love eachother |
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Name some key features of education:
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pass on knowledge to the next generation
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Name some key features of religion:
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fulfill a desire to connect with creator
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The _____ perspective of social structure refers to the patterns of the group/society that limits our behavior
macro micro |
macro
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The macro perspective is followed by which two theorist groups
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functionalist and conflict theory
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To survive, every society must meet its basic needs. Replacing members, socializing new members, producing and distributing goods n services, etc.
what perspective of social interaction is this? |
functionalist
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emphasize that powerful groups are who control the social institutions
what perspective of social interaction is this? |
conflict theory
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conflict that occurs between roles because the expectations attached to one role are incompatible with the expectations of another role.
role conflict role strain role exit |
role conflict
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when the same status has incompatible roles and conflict.
Ex. your role as student and your role as employee role strain role conflict role exit |
role strain
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when you leave a role but it becomes so intertwined in your personality that it is often very difficult to do.
role strain role conflict role exit |
role exit
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Now that I am not a nun, what am I?
role strain role exit role conflict |
role exit
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I am a student and an employee but these two sometimes bunt heads
role strain role exit role conflict |
role strain
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I am a doctor but i am a mom.
role strain role conflict role exit |
role conflict
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this perspective is the microsociological perspective and sees social interaction as the most significant part of society. Interested in how people look at things and that affects their behavior & orientation to life
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symbolic interactionists
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assumptions of what people are like--regardless if they are true or false. Affects how people act towards a person.
dramaturgy stereotypes impression management |
stereotypes
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refers to a method of analysis on social life. It is viewed as a drama or stage play.
stereotypes role performance dramaturgy |
dramaturgy
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our efforts to control the impressions that others receive of us
impression management role performance background assumptions |
impression management
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deeply embedded common understandings of how the world operates and how people should act.
Ex. personal space background assumptions role performance impression management |
background assumptions
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people who interact with one another and who think of themselves as belonging together
society group community |
group
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people who share a culture and a territory
society group community |
society
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means of survival was dependent upon hunting & gathering. What type of society is this?
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hunting and gathering society
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What type of society was based on the herding (pasturing of animals) or the cultivating of plants by the use of hand tools?
hunting & gathering pastoral & horticultural agricultural society |
pastoral & horticultural
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A society based on large-scale agriculture; plows drawn by animals are the source of food production
pastoral & horticultural agricultural society industrial societies |
agricultural society
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Harnessing the power of machines using fuels to replace most animal and human power
industrial society postindustrial society biotech society |
industrial society
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society based on the information services and high technology
industrial society postindustrial society biotech society |
postindustrial society
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A society's economy that is centered around the application of genetics, i.e., its use of medicine, and in the production of food and materials.
industrial society postindustrial society biotech society |
biotech society
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A small group characterized by intimate, informal interaction
ex. family, friends, partners primary group secondary group reference group |
primary group
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two or more people who are involved in an impersonal relationship and have come together for a specific, practical purpose.
"a means to an end" primary group secondary group reference group |
secondary group
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___-group we identify with and belong to. Provides us with a social identity "we"
in out |
in
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__-group we do not identify with & do not belong to
in out |
out
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social unit we use for appraising and shaping attitudes, feelings & actions
primary group secondary group reference group |
reference group
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________consists of individuals who temporarily share the same physical space but who do not see themselves as belonging together. Ex. standing in a checkout line
group aggregate category |
aggregate
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_________ is a statistic
group aggregate category |
category
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refers to people who are linked to one another
electronic community social networks community |
social networks
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came out in the 1990's. People meet online and "chat"
social network electronic community email community |
electronic community
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This term refers to the ever changing qualities of groups. It's what's happening within the group that make it a sig. force
group think group dynamics group size |
group dynamics
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the smallest possible group which consists of 2 people
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dyad
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A group of three people
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triad
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The ________ leader (task oriented leader) tries to keep the group moving toward its goals.
instrumental expressive task oriented |
instrumental
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The ________ leader or(socioemotional leader) usually is not recognized as a leader, but he or she certainly is one.
instrumental expressive socioemotional |
expressive
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What type of leader gives orders?
authoritarian leader democratic leader laissez-faire leader |
authoritarian
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What type of leader tries to gain a consensus?
authoritarian democratic laissez-faire |
democratic
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What type of leader is highly permissive/tolerant
authoritarian democratic laissez-faire |
laissez-faire
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decision-making process in which members become preoccupied with maintaining consensus-they all agree
democratic leadership groupthink group dynamics |
groupthink
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The ranking or grouping of individuals and groups into heirarchal layers based on power, property & prestige
slavery social class social stratification |
social stratification
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essential characteristic: some people own other people. Initially based on debt, punishment, or defeat in battle
class system caste system slavery |
slavery
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Characteristics: status determined by birth and is lifelong; closed system. societies using this system practice endogamy
class system caste system slavery |
caste system
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characteristics: based on monetarial or material possessions. Open system-fluid boundaries
class system caste system slavery |
class system
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In every society-men as a group are placed above women
True false |
true
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stresses that the countries that industrialized first, got the jump on the rest of the world. Beginning in Great Britian in 1750.
colonialism world system theory culture of poverty |
colonialism
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According to this theory of global stratification, industrialization led to four groups of nations
colonialism world system theory culture of poverty |
worlds system theory
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Some nations are crippled by this, a way of life that perpetuates poverty from one generation to the next.
colonialism world system theory culture of poverty |
culture of poverty
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Name the 3 causes/theories of global stratification
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colonialism
world systems theory culture of poverty |
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_______perspective on stratification: It exists because it benefits society. Without motivation, duties associated with various statuses in society would go undone
conflict theory functionalist symbolic interactionist |
functionalist
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_______perspective on stratification. It benefits individuals/groups that have power to dominate and exploit others. Society is an arena where people struggle for privilege, prestige, and power
conflict theory functionalist symbolic interactionist |
conflict theory
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Social class has 3 components:
property, prestige, and power. The 3 P's. Property/wealth is significant in determining a person's standing in society conflict theory functionalist symbolic interactionist |
symbolic interactionist
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the position that someone occupies in society or a social group
prestige status power |
status
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ranking high or low on all 3 dimensions of social class
status consistency status inconsistency status |
status inconsistency
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The lower a person's social class , the more likely that individual is to die before the expected age
consequences of social class on: mental health physical health family life |
physical health
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what is the effect on mental health when dealing with social classes
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the mental health of the lower class is worse than the upper class
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__________ increases as one goes up the social class ladder
politics family life education |
education
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Diferent_________draw different social classes
family life religion education |
religion
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what is the trend in politics when it comes to social class
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The richer you are vote republican
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refers to a change that occurs between generations--when grown up children end up on a different rung of the social class ladder
intergenerational mobility structural mobility exchange mobility |
intergenerational mobility
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refers to changes in society that cause large numbers of people to move up or down the class ladder
intergenerational mobility structural mobility upward social mobility |
structural mobility
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this mobility occurs when large numbers of people move up and down the social class ladder, but, on balance, the proportions of the social classes remain about the same
structural mobility exchange mobility upward social mobility |
exchange mobility
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movement up the social class ladder
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upward social mobility
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movement down the social class ladder
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downward social mobility
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refers to physical characteristics, i.e., skin color
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race
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refers to one's cultural characteristics
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ethnicity
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What are the myths about race?
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that there is a superior race
there's a pure race |
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group singled out for unequal treatment by the dominant group this does not necessarily refer to a numerical minority
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minority group
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the groups with the most power, privilege, and social status. Uses its position to discriminate against those with difference
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dominant groups
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labels cause ______________, that is, they lead us to see certain things while they blind us to others
self-fulfilling prophecy selective perception labels |
selective perception
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refers to an attitude, thought, or value that reflects an aversion or hostility to members of a group because of their membership
prejudice discrimination racism |
prejudice
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an action, what people do in everyday life where they arbitrarily deny, privilege, prestige, and power to members of a minority group
prejudice discrimination racism |
discrimination
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What's the difference between prejudice and discrimination?
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prejudice is a attitude, thought or value.
discrimination is an action |
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the negative treatment of one person by another on the basis of that person's perceived characteristics
institutional discrimination individual discrimination |
individual discrimination
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the negative treatment of a minority group that is built into a society's institutions
institutional discrimination individual discrimination |
institutional discrimination
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Gatekeeping-decision making whereby people gain entry to offices or positions of privilege, prestige, and power within society
institutional individual discrimination |
institutional
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"environmental racism" - the practice of locating types of hazardous waste facilities in or next to minority communities
institutional individual discrimination |
institutional
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_________ perspective on racial/ethnic inequality. Stress the benefits of costs that come from discrimination. While stratification threatens the equilibrium of a society, the tendency is towards stability and theoretically stratification will decline
functionalist conflict theory symbolic interactionist |
functionalist
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_________ perspective on racial/ethnic inequality looks at how the groups in power exploit racial and ethnic divisions in order to control workers and maintain power
functionalist conflict theory symbolic interactionist |
conflict theory
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__________ perspective on racial/ethnic inequality stress how labels create selective perception and self-fulfilling prophecies and that cultural isolation produces ethnocentrism
functionalist conflict theory symbolic interactionist |
symbolic interactionist
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the violation of rules or norms. varies from culture to culture and from group to group
deviance crime stigma |
deviance
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characteristics used to discredit people, they are considered
-violations of norms of ability -violations of norms of appearance deviance stigma crime |
stigma
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the violation of norms written into law
deviance stigma crime |
crime
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___________range from frowns and gossip for breaking folkways to imprisonment and capital punishment for breaking mores
positive sanction negative sanction shaming |
negative sanction
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____________range from smiles to formal awards
negative sanction positive sanction degradation ceremony |
positive sanction
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formal attempts to brand someone as an outsider
negative sanction degradation ceremony shaming |
degradation ceremony
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usually effective in small communities where an individuals reputation is at stake
degradation ceremony negative sanction shaming |
shaming
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explain deviance as occurring from within the individual i.e., genetic predispositions of personality disorders
Who's perspective of deviance is this? biological psychological sociological |
psychological
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see deviance as arriving from social experiences
Whos perspective of deviance biological psychological sociological |
sociological
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association with some groups results in learning deviance. U are who u hang out with
labeling theory control theory differential association whos perspective is this? |
differential association
symbolic interactionist |
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we wanna be bad
labeling theory control theory differential assoc. what perspective is this |
control theory
symbolic |
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process where some individuals are tagged as deviant, begin to think of themselves as deviant, and therefore, become deviant.
labeling theory control theory differential association what perspective |
labeling
symbolic |
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I'm not responsible for what happened because.... Or it was an accident
-denial of injury -denial of responsibility -denial of a victim |
denial of responsibility
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What I did wasn't wrong because no one got hurt. Vandalism=mischief, gang fights=private quarrel
denial of injury denial of responsibility denial of a victim |
denial of injury
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Some boys thought of themselves as avengers. Vandalizing a teachers car was done to get revenge for an unfair grade
denial of injury denial of a victim condemnation of the condemners |
denial of a victim
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To deny that others had the right to judge them. Might accuse finger pointers as being hypocrites.
appeal to higher loyalties condemnation of the condemners denial of a victim |
condemnation of the condemners
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Consider loyalty to the gang more important than following the norms of society
appeal to higher loyalties condemnation of the condemners denial of responsibility |
appeal to higher loyalties
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when you run out of normal ways you use deviant ways.
illegitimate opportunity theory strain theory conflict theory what perspective is this? |
strain theory
functionalist |
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the idea that some people have easier access to illegal means of achieving goals. Ex. white collar crimes
strain theory illegitimate opportunity theory conflict theory what perspective is this? |
illegitimate opportunity theory
functionalist |
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the group in power (capitalists) imposes its definitions of deviance on other groups (working class and marginal working class)
illegitimate opportunity theory strain theory conflict theory What perspective is this? |
conflict theory
conflict theory |
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the tendency to view crime and social deviance as a mental illness. Rape, murder, stealing, cheating, & so on are external symptoms of internal disorders, consequences of a confused and tortured mind
mental illness police disccretion medicalization of deviance |
medicalization of deviance
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