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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social psychology (sociality) |
The study of the causes and consequences of sociality
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aggression
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Behavior whose purpose is to harm another
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frustration-aggression hypothesis
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A principle stating that animals aggress only when their goals are thwarted
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cooperation
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Behavior by two or more individuals that leads to mutual benefit.
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group
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A collection of people who have something in common that distinguishes them from others.
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prejudice
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A positive or negative evaluation of another person based on that person’s group membership.
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discrimination
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Positive or negative behavior toward another person based on that person’s group membership.
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deindividuation
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A phenomenon that occurs when immersion in a group causes people to become less aware of their individual values.
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diffusion of responsibility
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The tendency for individuals to feel diminished responsibility for their actions when they are surrounded by others who are acting the same way.
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altruism
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Behavior that benefits another without benefiting oneself.
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kin selection
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The process by which evolution selects for individuals who cooperate their relatives.
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reciprocal altruism
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Behavior that benefits another with the expectation that those benefits will be returned in the future
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passionate love
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An experience involving feelings of euphoria, intimacy, and intense sexual attraction
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companionate love
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An experience involving affection, trust, and concern for a partner’s well-being.
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social exchange
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The hypothesis that people remain in relationships only as long as they perceive a favorable ratio of costs to benefits
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social influence
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he ability to control another person’s behavior
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norms
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A customary standard for behavior that is widely shared by members of a culture
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normative influence
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A phenomenon that occurs when another person’s behavior provides information about what is appropriate.
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norm of reciprocity
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The unwritten rule that people should benefit those who have benefited them.
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door-in-the-face technique
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A strategy that uses reciprocating concessions to influence behavior.
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conformity
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The tendency to do what others do simply because others are doing it.
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obedience
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The tendency to do what powerful people tell us to do.
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attitude
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An enduring positive or negative evaluation of an object or event.
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belief
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An enduring piece of knowledge about an object or event.
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informational influence
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A phenomenon that occurs when a person’s behavior provides information about what is good or right.
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persuasion
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A phenomenon that occurs when a person’s attitudes or beliefs are influenced by a communication from another person
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systematic persuasion
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The process by which attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeals to reason.
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heuristic persuasion
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The process by which attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeals to habit or emotion.
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foot-in-the-door technique
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A technique that involves a small request followed by a larger request.
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cognitive dissonance
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An unpleasant state that arises when a person recognizes the inconsistency of his or her actions, attitudes, or beliefs.
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social cognition
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The processes by which people come to understand others.
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stereotyping
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The process by which people draw inferences about others based on their knowledge of the categories to which others belong.
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attribution
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An inference about the cause of a person’s behavior.
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correspondence bias
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he tendency to make a dispositional attribution even when a person’s behavior was caused by the situation.
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actor-observer effect
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The tendency to make situational attributions for our own behaviors while making dispositional attributions for the identical behavior of others. |
