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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Language |
A set conventional spoken, manual or written symbols of which human beings, as member of a social group and participants of their culture express themselves. |
Written or manual symbols |
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Functions of Language |
Expression of Identity, play, imaginative , expressions and emotional release |
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Five Major Characteristics of Language |
Language is Arbitrary Language is Social Language is Dynamic (Symbolic) Language is Systematic Language is Vocal |
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Arbitrary |
There are no inherent relation between the words of a language and their meanings and Ideas. |
There is no reason why a female adult is called a woman. |
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Social |
Language is a set of communicative signals used by humans for communication. In this sense is a group, comprising an indispensable set of rules which permits it's members to relate to each other. |
Language exists in the society. It means of nourishing and developing culture and establishing human relations. |
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Symbolic |
Language consists of various signs and symbols and their graphological counterparts employed to denote some objects, occurrences or meaning. |
These symbols are arbitrarily chosen and conventionally accepted and employed. Words in language are not mere signs of figures, but symbols of meaning. |
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Systematic |
All language have their systems of arrangement. All languages have phonological and grammatical systems and within a system there are several sub-systems. |
Every language is a system of systems. |
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Vocal |
Language is primarily made up of vocal sounds only produced by a physiological articulatory mechanism in the human body. |
It appeared as vocal sounds only. Writing came much later, as an attempt to represent vocal sounds. |
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Writing |
Graphic representation of the sound of the language. |
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Phonology |
Study and use of indivudual sound units in a language and the rules by which they are combined and recombined to create larger language units. |
They don't convey meaning. Such a /s/ or /b/ |
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Phonemes |
Alter meaning when they are combined. They are the units. |
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Morphology |
Study and use of morphemes, smallest unit of language that have meaning. |
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Morpheme |
A group of sounds that refers to a particular object, idea, or actions. |
Roots can stand alone (e. g. Car., teach. Tall) |
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Semantics |
Larger meaning component of language. |
More than single words, includes complex use of vocabulary, including structures such as word categories, word relationships, synonyms, antonyms, figurative languages, ambiguities and absurdities. |
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Pragmatics |
Knowledge and ability to use language functionally in social or interactive situations. |
Requires knowledge and use of rules governing the use of language in social context. |
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Communication |
A process by which we assign and convey meaning in an attempt to create a shared understanding. |
Requires the process of repertoire of skills in interpersonal and interpersonal processing, listening, observing, speaking, questioning, analyzing and evaluating. |
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Components of Communication Process |
Sender Encoding Transmission of Message Receiver Decoding Feedback |
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Sender |
Develops and conceptualizes an idea to be sent. |
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Encoding |
Means converting or translation of ideas into a perceivable form that can be communicated to others. |
Can be oral, written, symbolic or nonverbal. |
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Transmission of Message |
The sender actually transmits the message through a chosen medium. |
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Medium |
The channel or means of transmitting the message to the receiver. |
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Recieving |
The receiver recieves the message. |
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Decoding |
The receiver's interpretation of the senders message. Here the receiver converts the message into thoughts and tries to analyze and understand it. |
Effective communication can occur only when both the sender and the receiver assign the same or similar meanings to message. |
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Feedback |
The receiver's response to senders message. |
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Types of Communication |
Non-human Communication and Human Communication |
Types of Non-Human Communication A. Animal B. Plant Types of Human Communication A. Verbal B. Non Verbal |
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Animal Communication |
The communication between animals can be defined as the behaviour portrayed by which animal influences the current or future behavior of another. |
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Plant Communication |
Communication that takes place inside cells, between cells, between plants belonging to the same or a similar species, and between plants and non-plant organisms. |
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Verbal Communication |
Refers to the oral-auditory (develop listening, speaking and presentation skills) |
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Non-verbal Communication |
Includes behavioral patterns, symbols, signs, arts and the electronic visuals. |
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Non-verbal Communication |
Includes behavioral patterns, symbols, signs, arts and the electronic visuals. |
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General Barriers in Communication |
Physical Barrier Psychological-Emotional Cultural Linguistic Interpersonal / Behavioral Patterns Perceptual Organizational Information Overload Noise / Distraction Feedback |
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Physical Barriers |
Include Distance |
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Syntax |
Grammar |
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Psychological-Emotional |
Includes state of mind, mood swings and stress. |
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Cultural |
Includes dialects Or language differences, traditions, customary relations or norms and racial differences. |
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Linguistic |
Includes semantics, syntax, skills and jargons.. |
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Interpersonal / Behavioral Patterns |
Use self-image, values or principles and pattern of relating to people |
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Perceptual |
Various interpretation |
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Hearing |
Is passive occurs when we sleep |
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Listening |
Is active and involves hearing, paying attention and understanding. |
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Listening Comprehension |
The act of understanding an oral message. |
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How do we listen? |
Bottom-up Process Top-down Process |
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Hurier Model |
Hearing Understanding Remembering Interpreting Evaluating Responding |
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Hearing |
Where listening begins with the physical process if perceiving sounds. |
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Understanding |
Understanding what is being said. |
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Remembering |
Storing information for future use. |
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Interpreting |
Interpreting the message, including body language, tone of voice, facial expressions and emotions. |
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Evaluating |
Separating facts from fiction; assessing the principles of logic and reasoning and recognizing, bias stereotyping, propaganda and other factors that may influence the conclusions that you draw. |
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Responding |
Proving appropriate feedback to the speaker. |
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Basic Requirements in Listening |
Understanding single utterances Understanding relations between utterances or parts of a text Obtaining the ghost or a general impression of the text. Extracting |
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