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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alzheimer's Disease |
- An irreversible, progressive, brain disease that slowly destroys an individual's memory and thought processes - A study of this disease is an example of neuroscience - There is an excessive buildup of a protein called amyloid that gradually destroy neurons
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Neuroscience |
- An interdisciplinary field of scientific study that examines the structure and function of all parts of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and networks of brain cells - Greatest achievement is mapping where neural (brain cell) signals are routed to result in speech, thoughts, feelings, and other mental processes |
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Glial cells and Neurons |
Two group of brain cells that make up the building blocks that form the brain's informational network |
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Genes |
- Chains of chemicals arranged like rings on a twisting ladder - Contained in a fertilized egg, which is a single cell about the size of a grain of sand |
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Amyloid |
A protein that is a gluelike substance that gradually destroys brain cells |
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Glial Cells |
- The most numerous brain cells and make up 90% of our brain cells - Have at least three well established functions: providing scaffolding to guide the growth of developing neurons and support mature neurons; wrapping around neurons to form insulation to prevent interference from other electrical signals; and releasing chemicals that influence a neuron's growth and function |
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Neurons |
- A brain cell with two specialized extensions. One extension is for receiving electrical signals, second, longer extension is for transmitting electrical signals - Responsible for all psychological activity either physical or mental |
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Neurogenesis |
The process of developing new neurons |
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Acetycholine |
An EXCITATORY neurotransmitter that affects neurons involved in movement, learning, memory, and emotion |
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Dopamine |
An EXCITATORY neurotransmitter that affects neurons involved in voluntary movement, learning, memory, emotion, sleep, motivation, and reward |
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Glutamate |
The most common EXCITATORY neurotransmitter that affects neurons involved in arousal, sleep, and emotion |
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Norepinephrine |
An EXCITATORY neurotransmitter that affects neurons involved in arousal, sleep, and emotion |
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Serotonin |
An INHIBITORY neurotransmitter that affects neurons involved in mood, sleep, appetite, and pain suppression |
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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) |
most common INHIBITORY neurotransmitter that affects neurons throughout the nervous system |
