Honors Bio, Ch.2, Nicole Ren

Front 1

Nutrients

Back 1

Components in food that are necessary for organisms' survival or growth.

Hint 1

1. Vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates.

2. ____is for provide energy or support metabolism.

Front 2

Heterotrophs

Back 2

Organisms that cannot produce organic nutrients by itself.

Hint 2

1. Animals, fungi, many bacteria.

2. Ninety-five percent or more of all types of living organisms are____.

Front 3

Autotrophs

Back 3

Organisms that can produce nutrients out of it's surrounding.

Hint 3

1. Most of the plants are____.

2. Photoautotrophs and chemoautotrophs.

Front 4

Photoautotrophs

Back 4

Autotrophs that use the energy from light to produce nutrients for themselves.

Hint 4

1. Green plants and photosynthetic bacteria are____.

2. ____can fix carbon.

Front 5

Photosynthesis

Back 5

A chemical process that organisms use to turn light energy into organic energy.

Hint 5

1. 6CO2 + 12H2O ------>C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2

Front 6

Chemoautotrophs

Back 6

Organisms that gain energy during chemical processes.

Hint 6

1. The ____ designation is in contrast to phototrophs.

2. nitrifying bacteria

Front 7

Chemosynthesis

Back 7

A process that help chemoautotrophs to convert carbon molecules into energy.

Hint 7

1. Venenivibrio stagnispumantis gains energy by oxidizing hydrogen gas.

2. Using the oxidation of inorganic molecules or methane as a source of energy, rather than sunlight, as in photosynthesis.

Front 8

Cell respiration

Back 8

A series of reactions happen in the cells to support their metabolism.

Hint 8

1. ____is one of the key ways a cell gains useful energy to fuel cellular activity.

2. ____releases heat.

Front 9

Producers

Back 9

Organisms that synthesis organic compounds in a food chain/web.

Hint 9

1. Grass.

Front 10

Consumers

Back 10

Organisms that consumes other produces or consumers and obtain energy.

Hint 10

1. Lion

Front 11

Decomposers

Back 11

Organisms that live by decompose other dead or decaying organisms and obtain energy from it.

Hint 11

1. Fungi

Front 12

Food Web

Back 12

A natural form of a system of what-eats-what in the biosphere.

Hint 12

1. a consumer-resource system

2. ____is more complicated than a food chain.

Front 13

Biotic

Back 13

A describe of a living thing.

Hint 13

1. Human

Front 14

Abiotic

Back 14

A description of Nonliving things

Hint 14

1. Stones

Front 15

Ecosystem

Back 15

A system that biotic and abiotic things connected with each other and interacting each other.

Hint 15

1. ____encompass specific, limited spaces

2. Energy, water, nitrogen and soil minerals are other essential abiotic components of an____.

Front 16

Habitats

Back 16

A place where living things lives.

Hint 16

1. Coral reef is a rich____ for sea life.

2. For a parasitic organism, ____ is the body of its host.

Front 17

Biosphere

Back 17

The sum of all of the ecosystems on earth.

Hint 17

1. ____can also be termed as the zone of life on Earth.

Front 18

Energy

Back 18

It's a property of organisms that supports living. It cannot be destroyed or created but can be converted.

Hint 18

1. ____ has many different forms.

2. In the food chain, lots of ____ are lost as heat.

Front 19

Chemical energy

Back 19

Potential energy in a chemical substance, can be released during chemical reactions.

Hint 19

1. batteries, light bulbs, cells, nuclear weapons

2. ____related to the structural arrangement of atoms or molecules.

Front 20

Free energy

Back 20

The amount of energy that are usable in a thermodynamic system.

Hint 20

1. ____ is the internal energy of a system minus the amount of energy that cannot be used to perform work.

2. The unusable energy is given by the entropy of a system multiplied by the temperature of the system.

Front 21

Heat energy

Back 21

When there's energy that has been released during a chemical reaction, it's in heat form.

Hint 21

1. Photosynthesis

2. ____refers to a process of transfer between two systems

Front 22

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 22

The total energy of an isolated system is constant. Energy can be transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Hint 22

1. The change in the internal energy of a closed system is equal to the amount of heat supplied to the system, minus the amount of work done by the system on its surroundings.

2. ____is a version of the law of conservation of energy

Front 23

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Back 23

The sum of the entropy is always increased if there's no energy come in.

Hint 23

1. ____may be expressed in many specific ways.

2. ____is an empirical finding that has been accepted as an axiom of thermodynamic theory.

Front 24

Entropy

Back 24

A measure of disorder, always tend to increase.

Hint 24

1. the ____ of an isolated system never decreases.

2. Systems that are not isolated may decrease in ____.

Front 25

Enzymes

Back 25

They are like any catalysts and are not consumed in chemical reaction.

Hint 25

1. ____remains the same before and after the chemical reaction.

2. Activators are molecules that increase activity.

Front 26

Catalysts

Back 26

A matter to make the chemical reaction quicker without having anything happens.

Hint 26

1. With a ____, reactions occur faster and require less activation energy.

2. Often only tiny amounts of ____ are required

Front 27

Active Site

Back 27

A part of an enzyme, including binding site and catalytic site.

Hint 27

1. ____is usually a groove or pocket of the enzyme which can be located in a deep tunnel within the enzyme.

2.

Front 28

Substrate

Back 28

The chemical species that we can observe in a chemical reaction.

Hint 28

1. An enzyme ____ is the material upon which an enzyme acts.

2. the ____ is the reagent whose concentration is changed.

Front 29

Metabolism

Back 29

A process that's done within the cells and allows organisms to reproduce and grow.

Hint 29

1.____ are enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

2. Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, and anabolism.

Front 30

Synthesis

Back 30

Creating something out of what we can easily got.

Hint 30

1. Plants ____ oxygen by photosynthesis.

2. ____has artificial means.

Front 31

Decomposition

Back 31

A process that an complex organic matter breaks down into something different.

Hint 31

1. ____ is essential for recycling the finite matter that occupies physical space in the biome.

2. Decomposers do this.

Front 32

Biosynthesis

Back 32

A process that convert substrates into more complicated organic compounds.

Hint 32

1. ____ occurs due to a series of chemical reactions.

2. The prerequisite elements for ____ include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP).

Front 33

Oxidation

Back 33

One of the reaction of redox. It's the loss of electrons.

Hint 33

1. ____ reactions are commonly associated with the formation of oxides from oxygen molecules.

Front 34

ATP

Back 34

Adenosine-5'-triphosphate, an energy carrier in the cells.

Hint 34

1.____ is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids.

2. ____ is continuously recycled in organisms.

Front 35

ADP

Back 35

Adenosine diphosphate, an essential organic compound in the energy flow and metabolism.

Hint 35

1. ____contains two phosphate groups attached to the 5’ position.

2.____ is continuously recycled in organisms as ATP