Honors Bio, Ch. 2 Abby Huang

Front 1

Nutrients

Back 1

substance that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue

Hint 1

components in foods that an organism uses to survive and grow.

Front 2

Heterotrophs

Back 2

obtain energy and nutrients by eating other living or dead organisms

Hint 2

an organism that cannot fix carbon and uses organic carbon for growth.

Front 3

Autotrophs

Back 3

obtain energy and nutrients from nonliving source.

Hint 3

ExamplesPlants, Algae, and Bacteria.

Nonliving source includes sunlight,minerals,air

Front 4

Photoautotrophs

Back 4

Photoautotrophs are capable of synthesizing their own food from inorganic substances using light as an energy source.Photoautotrophs carry out Photosynthesis.

Hint 4

All organisms that use light energy to make food are called *.

Front 5

Photosynthesis

Back 5

set of chemical reaction that use light energy to produce organic compounds from CO2 &H2O

Hint 5

green plants use energy from the sun to transform water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and organic compounds.

Front 6

Chemoautotrophs

Back 6

an organism that derives energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds.Chemoautotrophs carry out Chemosynthesis.

Hint 6

organisms that obtain energy by the oxidation of electron donors in their environments.

Front 7

Chemosynthesis

Back 7

set of chemical reactions that uses chemical energy to produce organic compounds

Hint 7

the biological conversion of one or more carbon molecules or methane as a source of energy, rather than sunlight, as in photosynthesis

Front 8

Cell respiration

Back 8

set of chemical reactions to release energy from organic compounds to perform necessary life function

Hint 8

the process of oxidizing food molecules, like glucose, to carbon dioxide and water.

Front 9

Producers

Back 9

serves as a source of food for other organisms in a food chain.

Hint 9

include green plants, which produce food through photosynthesis

Front 10

Consumers

Back 10

feeds on other organisms in a food chain.

Hint 10

organisms that receive all their energy by consuming other types of organisms or organic matter.

Front 11

Decomposers

Back 11

Decomposers are organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms

Hint 11

Examples include bacteria, fungi, some insects, and snails,

Front 12

Food web

Back 12

A graph with arrows show the transfer of energy & nutrient between producers,consumers,and decomposers in an ecosystem.

Hint 12

links all the food chains in an ecosystem together

Front 13

Biotic

Back 13

living organisms in their ecological relations.

Hint 13

An ecosystem is made up of a biotic community together with the physical environment.

Front 14

Abiotic

Back 14

nonliving things in their ecological relations.

Hint 14

examples are sunlight, temperature, wind patterns, and precipitation.

Front 15

Ecosystem

Back 15

include abiotic factor and biotic factor in a specific place

Hint 15

a group of interconnected elements formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their environment.

Front 16

Habitats

Back 16

the natural home or environment of organisms they live.

Hint 16

Living place of plants and animals

Front 17

Biosphere

Back 17

All the regions of the earth and its atmosphere in which living organisms are found or can live.

Hint 17

the area of the planet where organisms live, including the ground and the air.

Front 18

Energy

Back 18

energy is often stored by cells in biomolecules.The energy is released during cellular respiration.

Hint 18

* transported by an energy-carrier molecule called ATP.

Front 19

Chemical energy

Back 19

Chemical Energy is energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds.

Hint 19

While the food is being digested and the molecules of food are broken down into smaller pieces, * is released

Front 20

Free energy

Back 20

Free energy is when the cell or the enzyme is able to do work, which is ATP.

Hint 20

an example of free energy are the energy plants use for growing and producing food.

Front 21

Heat energy

Back 21

A form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature.

Hint 21

The amount of * in a given entity is measured by the amount of equivalent energy .

Front 22

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 22

energy cannot be created or destroyed,but it can change form.

Hint 22

the total energy of an isolated system is constant; energy can be transformed from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed.

Front 23

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Back 23

systems tend to change in a way that increase the disorder of the system and its surrounding

Hint 23

In any cyclic process the entropy will either increase or remain the same.

Front 24

Entropy

Back 24

Entropy is a measure of the "disorder" of a system.

Hint 24

a measure of the degree of disorganization of a system

Front 25

Enzymes

Back 25

proteins that lower the activation energy needed for biochemical reaction to be able to have a faster rate of reaction.

Hint 25

help complex reactions occur in life.

Front 26

Catalysts

Back 26

any chemicals that lower activation energy

Hint 26

Chemical Catalysts. Hydrogen peroxide will decompose into water and oxygen gas.

Front 27

Active site

Back 27

active site is the area of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.

Hint 27

temporary bonds with the substrate (binding site) and residues that catalyse a reaction of that substrate (catalytic site).

Front 28

Substrate

Back 28

substrate is a molecule upon which an enzyme acts.

Hint 28

The enzyme is then free to join another substrate.

Front 29

Metabolism

Back 29

all chemical reactions involved in maintaining the living state of the cells and the organism.

Hint 29

include

Catabolism - the breakdown of molecules to obtain energyAnabolism - the synthesis of all compounds needed by the cells

Front 30

Synthesis

Back 30

the process of storing energy by building chemical compounds from smaller components.

Hint 30

example:a common synthesis reaction in the body is the formation of a protein molecule.

Front 31

Decomposition

Back 31

organic substances broken down into a much simpler form of matter and release energy.This process called decomposition.

Hint 31

leaves that fall off of trees in the fall.They are broken down by organisms and other decomposers.

Front 32

Biosynthesis

Back 32

Biosynthesis is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms.

Hint 32

Examples include photosynthesis, chemosynthesis, amino acid synthesis, nucleic acid synthesis, and ATP synthesis.

Front 33

Oxidation

Back 33

Oxidation is the loss of electrons in a chemical reaction.

Hint 33

For example, when sodium metal reacts with chlorine gas to form sodium chloride (NaCl), the sodium metal loses an electron, which is then gained by chlorine.

Front 34

ATP

Back 34

it is used by cells to store small amount of chemical energy

Hint 34

our body movements require action by our muscles. Muscle contraction requires *.

Front 35

ADP

Back 35

adenosine diphosphate is the compound releasing energy.It remains when a phosphate group is removed from ATP.

Hint 35

* is an ingredient for DNA, it's essential for muscle contraction and it even helps initiate healing when a blood vessel is breached.