Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleic acid present in organisms with the primary function of providing energy. It is comprised of three phosphate groups with one adenosine attached and releases energy by being hydrolysed into Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP), therefore one bond is broken and a phosphate molecule is lost. ATP can only be reproduced through phosphorylation which results in the addition of one phosphate to Adenosine Diphosphate.
ATP must be regenerated in order to allow an organism to function correctly and this process requires energy which is provided by the oxidation of carbohydrates and fats. The production of ATP occurs in the mitochondria of animals and the chloroplasts of plants. Normally, a regular animal cell will contain …show more content…
Here, pyruvate undergoes the removal of carbon dioxide (decarboxylation) and Coenzyme A is added, forming Acetyl CoA and leading to the Krebs Cycle. The Krebs Cycle is very important as it produces three NADH2 and one FADH2 per pyruvate, totalling in six NADH2 and two FADH2 per glucose as one glucose molecule forms two pyruvates. These carriers are essential as they transfer electrons in the Electron Transport Chain for oxidative phosphorylation. The Acetyl CoA is converted to a five carbon compound through the loss of once carbon dioxide and two hydrogen ions, then through the decarboxylation of the five carbon compound, a four carbon compound is formed.
The final stage of aerobic respiration is the Electron Transport Chain which produces thirty four ATP per molecule of glucose. It takes place in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. NADH and FADH2 pass electrons to the Electron Transport Chain and these pass through ATP synthase. Eventually, electrons are passed through cytochromes to the final electron acceptor, oxygen, and water is formed. NAD and FAD are reproduced and this is vital so that they can be used again in glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle and ATP production can
ATP must be regenerated in order to allow an organism to function correctly and this process requires energy which is provided by the oxidation of carbohydrates and fats. The production of ATP occurs in the mitochondria of animals and the chloroplasts of plants. Normally, a regular animal cell will contain …show more content…
Here, pyruvate undergoes the removal of carbon dioxide (decarboxylation) and Coenzyme A is added, forming Acetyl CoA and leading to the Krebs Cycle. The Krebs Cycle is very important as it produces three NADH2 and one FADH2 per pyruvate, totalling in six NADH2 and two FADH2 per glucose as one glucose molecule forms two pyruvates. These carriers are essential as they transfer electrons in the Electron Transport Chain for oxidative phosphorylation. The Acetyl CoA is converted to a five carbon compound through the loss of once carbon dioxide and two hydrogen ions, then through the decarboxylation of the five carbon compound, a four carbon compound is formed.
The final stage of aerobic respiration is the Electron Transport Chain which produces thirty four ATP per molecule of glucose. It takes place in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. NADH and FADH2 pass electrons to the Electron Transport Chain and these pass through ATP synthase. Eventually, electrons are passed through cytochromes to the final electron acceptor, oxygen, and water is formed. NAD and FAD are reproduced and this is vital so that they can be used again in glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle and ATP production can