Fa Med - Brdc Treatment

Front 1

What does it mean when there are millions of dollars/yr invested into a research problem?

Back 1

-it is tough
-you as a veterinarian need to know more than, "antibiotic X does fine for me"

Front 2

BRDC Treatment
-basics

Back 2

-characterization of disease challenge
-case definitions
-consistent application of treatment protocols
-outcome evaluation

Front 3

It is possible to accurately evaluate a practice or procedure that is not consistently applied (T/F)

Back 3

-False

Front 4

BRDC Treatment
-how to apply treatment guidelines

Back 4

-set the temperature cutoff to go with the depression score
-consistently apply treatment
-evaluate the records

Front 5

Why do you want to evaluate records with treatment?

Back 5

-assure they are being applied as you want
-training of personnel
-personnel may end up training you more

Front 6

Should you have treatment guidelines for different rectal temperature strata at initial treatment?

Back 6

-increased mortality at higher temp.

Front 7

Antimicrobial rotation
-define

Back 7

-changing your first choice antibiotic

*minimal publication concerning food animal therapeutic applications

Front 8

Antimicrobial rotation
-2 core questions
-answer

Back 8

-does cycling have an impact on treatment efficacy?
-does cycling reduce resistance development?

Ans: not enough data

Front 9

Antimicrobial rotation
-problem

Back 9

-less ability to monitor treatment success


*pick and antitbiotic and stick with it

Front 10

Questions to ask when choosing an antimicrobial

Back 10

-single injection vs. multiple injection
-long acting?

Front 11

Antimicrobial class that cannot be used off label

Back 11

-Fluoroquinolones (Danofloxacin, Enrofloxacin)

Front 12

Antibiotics
-dealing with withdrawal times

Back 12

-never shorten withdrawal (do not harvest any animals who are not ready)
-able to lengthen withdrawal if you are concerned about residues

Front 13

How to select withdrawals for cattle within 45 days of harvest

Back 13

-select short withdrawal antimicrobials

Front 14

Most eaten meat breed in the country

Back 14

-holstein

Front 15

Cattle populations that can react to antimicrobial selection

Back 15

-cattle that will spontaneously respond to treatment
-cattle that will respond with the help of an antimicrobial
-cattle that aren't going to respond no matter what therapy is used

Front 16

Attenuable risk reduction
-define

Back 16

(% cured of those treated) - (% spontaneous cures)

Front 17

Number needed to treat
-define

Back 17

100%/ARR

Front 18

Metaphylaxis
-define

Back 18

-giving a treatment before disease is diagnosed
-prevention

Front 19

Metaphylaxis
-when is best to use

Back 19

-high risk animals

Front 20

What does control treatment (metaphylaxis) for BRD accomplish?

Back 20

-suppresses and delays morbidity
-does not prevent morbidity

*you can never eliminate respiratory disease with metaphylaxis

Front 21

BRD
-success of metaphylaxis

Back 21

-varied
-difficult to summarize

Front 22

Can metaphylaxis cause a wreck?
-how?

Back 22

-yes

-cattle may come into the feedlot with bacteria resistant to most of our pharmaceuticals

Front 23

When should you switch to the next drug if a drug is not curing BRD?

Back 23

-depends on the drugs being used
-protocol is not the same for every drug

Front 24

Drug with the shortest minimum time before moving to additional therapy in non-responding BRD cases

Back 24

-Ampicillin

Front 25

Drug with the longest maximum time before moving to additional therapy in non-responding BRD?

Back 25

-Tulathromycin

Front 26

Drug half-life vs. disease condition

Back 26

-half-life usually longer in the lungs than if given systemically

Front 27

Should we give something IV at the same time as a slow-release antimicrobial to get an immediate therapeutic effect?

Back 27

-Probably won't do any good
-most have a short Tmax, if you need something quicker you're probably S.O.L.

Front 28

How to select an antimicrobial to use

Back 28

-published trials
-historical data on premise
-antimicrobial data on premise

Front 29

Should I use more than one antimicrobial drug at a time?

Back 29

-No

-promotes a lot of antibiotic resistance, and a poor public image
-also for the big 4 microbes that are present,usually don't need to double up

Front 30

What are we trying to do with ancillary therapy for BRD?

Back 30

1) increase treatment response in conjunction with an antimicrobial. (more cattle respond with no need for continued therapy, also implies decreased mortality)

2) Improve performance during the post-treatment period, even in the absence of ancillary treatment effects on treatment response and mortality

3) Improve human aspects of care for cattle afflicted with respiratory disease

Front 31

Should steroids be used for BRD?

Back 31

-anecdotal data suggests cattle look better faster, but there is not clinical data to support an improvement in clinical response in light of potential adverse side effects

Front 32

Potential adverse side effects of steroid use

Back 32

-increase lung lesions
-reactivation of BHV-1

Front 33

Steroid tested

Back 33

-dexamethasone

Front 34

NSAID currently labeled for BRD in the US

Back 34

-Flunixin meglumine (Banamine)

Front 35

NSAID
-labeled for

Back 35

-control of pyrexia associated with BRD and endotoxemia (inflammation)

Front 36

Flunixin meglumine
-functions

Back 36

-analgesia
-anti-inflammatory
-antipyretic

Front 37

Flunixin meglumine
-MOA

Back 37

-cyclooxygenase inhibition (COX)

Front 38

Flunixin meglumine
-efficacy

Back 38

-no significant improvement (no statistical significance)
-may mask clinical signs
-possibly can be used in individuals but won't pay for itself with population use


*NSAIDs are not benign

Front 39

Should you vaccinate at the time of therapy for BRD?

Back 39

-no difference for giving MLV IBR vaccine at the time of therapy

Front 40

7 myths of BRD treatment

Back 40

-2 antimicrobials work twice as well as one
-you must give something IV at the same time as a long-acting antimicrobial to get a quick response
-if they haven't responded to the first antimicrobial for BRD, switch to another drug
-aggressive is good. If they don't look better in 24 hrs, add the next drug in the treatment rotation on to the first treatment
-the hotter they are, the sicker they are. Therefore, make drug choices based on rectal temp for repiratory disease
-adding an ancillary drug to the antibiotic regimen for BRD will improve response
-vaccination at the time of treatment for BRD improved response