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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why care about udder health?
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-mastitis is the most frequent and costly disease of the dairy industry
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Mastitis
-economic effects |
-Inc. amount of non-saleable milk
-Dec. milk production -Dec. milk quality (reduced quality bonus, reduced shelf life and cheese yield) -Inc. treatments -Inc. culling $2.8 billion |
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Mastitis
-largest economic losses due to |
-reduced production*
-culling (replacement cost) |
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US dairy industry facts
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-Avg. herd = 115 cows
-97% family owned -rising in the western US |
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Days in milk
-define |
-days since calving
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Freshened
-define |
-calved
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Dry cow
-define |
-cow that is not milking and waiting to calve
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Dry/Dried/Dry-off
-define |
-cease milking
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Lactation
-define |
-from calving to calving
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Parlor
-define |
-where cows are milked
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Pit
-define |
-where the milker stands to milk cows
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Cow prep or Prep
-define |
-procedure carried out at the udder just prior to milk harvest at each milking
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Pre-dip
-define |
-antimicrobial dip applied to every teat on every cow before milking
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Post-dip
-define |
-antimicrobial dip applied to every teat on every cow after milking
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Ayrshire
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Black and white holstein
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Brown swiss
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Danish red
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Guernsey
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Jersey
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Jersey x Holstein
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Montbeliarde
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Normandy
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Dairy production cycle
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-Birth
-Weaned (5-6 wks) -Breed (13-15 mo) -Calve (22-24 mo) --> 1st lactation -Breed (50 days post calving) -Dry-off (305 days post calving) -Calve (45-60 days post dry off) -Breed (50 days post calving) |
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Approximately how many lactations are there per cow
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-3
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When is peak milk production
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-approx. 60 days post-calving
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Dairy cattle
-types of housing |
-dry lot
-tie stall (colder climates) -free stall |
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Milking system types
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Small Farms
-Flat barn/Stanchion barn -Tie-stall barn Larger Farms -Tandem parlor -Herringbone parlor -Parallel parlor -Rotary parlor Robotic |
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Most cows are milked in what kind of milking facility
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-parlors
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Problem with rotary/carousel parlor
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-milkers don't get to interact
-each person has a specific job |
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Robotic milking system
-benefit |
-reduction in labor
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Robotic milking system
-negatives |
-requires 3 months of training
-high up front costs -life expectancy about 10 yrs |
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Bulk tank
-define |
-where the milk is collected to be transported to the milk company
-where samples for milk cultures can be collected |
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Bulk tank
-what milk can be collected |
-milk from cows > 3 days fresh (colostrum)
-not on antibiotics/anti-inflammatories |
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-diagnosis
-cause |
hyperkeratosis
-overmilking cow |
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-A: teat cup
-B: vacuum tube -C: Claw -D: milk line/hose |
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Automatic Detacher/Takeoff
-function |
-prevents overmilking
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Key performance indicators for milking equipment
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-mean claw vacuum (10.5-12.5"Hg)
-max claw vacuum fluctuation (<3"Hg) -% use of manual mode when automatic takeoffs are used (<5%) -D phase of pulsation cycle (>150-200 ms) |
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In addition to a properly functioning milking system, what else is needed to optimize production and prevent mastitis?
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-optimal milk letdown
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Milk letdown
-define |
-the process where the muscles surrounding the alveoli contract to move the milk into the ducts and cistern for efficient milk harvest
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-A: Gland sinus
-B: Teat sinus -C: Papillary duct |
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Alveoli
-function |
-milk production
-60% of milk storage in cows (differs between spp.) |
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Alveoli
-surrounded by |
-myoepithelial cells
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Pathway of milk letdown
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-teat stimulation by milker, sound/smell of milking area, presence of milking unit
--nerve impulse to hypothalamus then to posterior pituitary ---post pituitary releases oxytocin ----oxytocin reaches myoepithelial cells in mammary gland -----myoepithelial cells constrict causing milk to be secreted into the ducts ------milking unit removes milk from ducts and cisterns |
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What is important to get milk letdown on first lactation?
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-human stimulation
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Why don't you want the cows to become excited when getting milked?
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-epinephrine can over-ride oxytocin
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To achieve optimal milk letdown we must have _______
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-proper milking procedures
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What is important to know about milking procedures?
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-timing is key
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Pre-dip contact time (kill time)
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-30 sec
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Milking unit attached how long after pre-dip
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-90-120 sec
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Why is attachment of the milking machine from 90-120 sec after pre-dip important?
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-time of highest oxytocin concentration
-considered overmilking if on either side of the window |
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Strip
-define |
-remove 2-3 streams of milk from each teat
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Wipe
-define |
-remove dip and bacteria
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Why is stripping important?
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-the first 2-3 streams of milk contain the highest somatic cell count, therefore milk quality is enhanced
-allows milker to look for clinical mastitis -most powerful stimulation for oxytocin release |
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Why is stimulation of the teats important?
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-inc. milk letdown --> dec. amount of time the milking unit is on the teats
-detrimental to teat health to leave the milking machine on the teats too long -extended unit on times are additive and accumulative |
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Milking routines
-types |
-sequential
-territorial (most popular) |
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Is there one procedure for optimal milk letdown?
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-No
-different herds use different procedures that suit their needs |
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Ways to monitor milking procedure?
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-cameras
-electronic monitoring systems to monitor milking efficiency |
