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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
AABP Guidlines for therapy of Clinical Mastitis in Lactating Dairy Cows
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-1) Immediate goal is to return the quarter and milk to clinically normal (Secondary goal is microbiologically cure)
-2) Most clinical mastitis is treated by dairy producers/employees -3) Mastitis management must focus on prevention -4) Therapy recommendations shoud be based on etiology based on culture results -5) Good records are required for an effective therapy program and needed to document residue prevention efforts -6) Treatment should be undertake only if profitable -7) Cases unlikely to respond to therapy shouldn't be treated -4) Home-made formulations should not be used |
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Mastitis Case Definition
-based on |
-severity of disease, etiology, etc.
-hot, swollen, painful udder -changes in milk consistency -presence of fever -production level -SCC |
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Mastitis
-changes that can be seen in milk consistency |
-clots/flakes
-thin, watery -blood |
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Mastitis
-treatment protocol |
-different for different case definitions
-which product? -how often? -withdraw time? (meat and milk) |
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Mastitis
-why is it important to consider both the meat and milk withdraw times when treating? |
-the dairy cow will eventually be brought to slaughter
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Non-lactating dairy animals
-definition |
-replacement dairy heifers
-replacement dairy bulls -dairy calves NOT dry cows between lactations Soon will be dairy cattle younger than 20 yrs of age |
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Cephalosporins
-are not approved for what uses in what animals |
-for disease prevention
-at unapproved doses, duration, or routes of administration -if the drug is not approved for that species and production class cattle swine chickens turkeys |
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Cephalosporin that is excluded from prohibition
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-Cephapirin
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Drugs not allowed due to the Pasteurized Milk Ordinance (PMO)
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-DMSO
-Colloidal Silver |
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How to properly administer a drug IMM (Intramammary)
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-clean and dry teats
-apply teat dip and wipe dry -disinfect teat ends with 70% alcohol -far, near, near, far technique for prep and product infusion -insert only the cannula tip into the teat canal -do not massage the udder -dip teats post-therapy -identify treated cows |
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Goal of properly administering drug IMM
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-to not drag bacteria deep into the teat cistern
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Lactating cow therapy
-Which antimicrobial should be used? -Which cows should be treated? |
Antimicrobial
-decision based on availability/cost -decision not made by the vet Cows treated -based on case definition -management decision based on production, age, gestational length |
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Lactating Cow Therapy
-goals |
-resolution of clinical disease
-microbiological cure |
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What is it important to have done with any lactating cow mastitis therapy?
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-read the label
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Dry cow therapy
-which cows should be treated |
Which cows to treat based upon
-blanket therapy: treat all cows at dry off -select cases |
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Dry cow therapy
-goals |
-microbiological cure (kill existing infections)
-prevent new infections |
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Susceptibility testing in mastitis therapy
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-should be reserved for isolates from individual samples
-area of disagreement |
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Drugs with veterinary approved interpretive criteria for susceptibility testing in mastitis therapy
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-ceftiofur
-penicillin-novobiociin -pirlimycin |
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Mastitis
-non-antimicrobial therapies |
-vaccines
-barrier -internal teat sealants -Flunixin meglumine -Permanent cessation of lactation (killing quarters) |
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Mastitis Vaccines
-categories of products |
-Gram negative (Coliform) Vaccines
-Staph aureus vaccine |
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Mastitis vaccines
-efficacy |
-not shown to reduce infection rate
-reduction of severity and duration of clinical disease |
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External teat sealants
-what are they |
-rapidly drying polymer that act as a physical barrier to bacteria
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Mastitis
-why is the Staph aureus vaccine of little value? |
-you want to stop the infection with Staph aureus mot just help cure it
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External teat sealant
-advantages |
-east to apply
-no antimicrobial residues -non-irritating to teat skin |
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External Teat Sealants
-disadvantages |
-polymer sheds in 3-7 days
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External teat sealants
-how long should they be covering the teat for |
enough time to form a barrier on the teat
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Internal Teat Sealants
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-orbeseal
-bismuth subnitrate |
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Internal teat sealant
-advantages |
-immediately seals the teat following the last milking via natural keratin plug formation
-no antimicrobial residue issues |
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Internal teat sealants
-disadvantages |
-difficult to work with in cold weather
-don't use milking units to remove product after milking |
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Flunixin Meglumine
-aka |
-Banamine
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Banamine
-label indication |
-control of pyrexia associated with acute bovine mastitis and endotoxemia and for the control of inflammation in endotoxemia
-IV -temperature reduction/inflammatory signs -no impact on inflammation |
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Banamine
-withdraw times |
-milk discard: 36 hrs/3 milkings
-meat: 4 days |
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Killing quarters
-2 methods |
-Betadine
-Chlorhexidene |
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Betadine
-efficacy at ceasing lactation |
-very effective
-intramammary infection persists |
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Chlorhexidene
-why is use discouraged |
-long elimination time
-no established FDA tole |
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Residue tests
-info |
-producers will ask for residue tests to be run
-if tested, the vet is responsible -residue test kits designed for co-mingled milk |
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Residue tests
-why is it important to know the drugs used? |
-not all residues are good at being picked up by certain tests
-use multiple tests |