Chapter 27 Prepu

Front 1

Colonization

Back 1

Describes microorganisms present without host interference or interaction

Front 2

5,000 to 10,000

Back 2

Normal WBC count

Front 3

Infection

Back 3

WBC higher than 10,000

Front 4

Allergy to eggs, history of previous allergic reactions, febrile status

Back 4

Contraindications for vaccinations

Front 5

48 hours

Back 5

Growth and sensitivity tests

Front 6

24 to 36 hours

Back 6

Grow good cultures

Front 7

30 minutes

Back 7

Gram stains results

Front 8

Virus

Back 8

Invades a living cell many times its size, used the cell's metabolism, and replicates itself while destroying the cell or changing the cell's genetic makeup

Front 9

Withhold chemotherapy

Back 9

Low leukocyte count

Front 10

Tender lymph nodes

Back 10

Sign of upper respiratory infection

Front 11

Incubation period

Back 11

Interval between the pathogen's invasion of the body and the appearance of symptoms of infection. Organisms are growing and multiplying

Front 12

Full stage

Back 12

Presence of specific signs and symptoms

Front 13

Convalescent period

Back 13

Recovery period from the infection. Signs and symptoms diappear and the person returns to a healthy state

Front 14

Prodomal stage

Back 14

Most infectious. Early signs and symptoms are present, but are often vague and nonspecific.

Front 15

Infection

Back 15

Condition in which the host interwcts physiogically and imminologically with a microorganism

Front 16

Disease

Back 16

Decline in wellness of a host due to infection

Front 17

Bacteremia

Back 17

Bacteria in the blood

Front 18

Sepsis

Back 18

High lactic acid (serum lactate in blood) is a sign of what?

Front 19

Sepsis

Back 19

Heart rate greater than 90 and respiratory rate greater than 20 is a sign of what?

Front 20

6 months

Back 20

How long before a baby's immune system becomes fully operational. Comes from breastmilk before then.

Front 21

Hyperpyrexia

Back 21

Fever over 40.5° Celsius or 105 Fahrenheit

Front 22

3 days

Back 22

How many days is stool collected when a client is being screened for a parasitic infection?

Front 23

Mechanical defense mechanisms

Back 23

Physical barriers that prevent microorganisms from gaining entries, or barriers that expel them before they multiply. Examples are skin and musous membrames, physiologic reflexes (sneezing coughing vomiting) and macrophages.

Front 24

0.3 to 2.6 mmol/L

Back 24

Normal lactic acid levels

Front 25

Neutropenia

Back 25

Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is less than 1,000 cells/mm3

Front 26

T-lymphocytes

Back 26

Important in synthesizing immunoglobulins

Front 27

Neutrophils

Back 27

Phagocytes that ingest and break down foreign particles and act as an important link in generating fever.

Front 28

Eosinophils

Back 28

Involved in allergic reactions

Front 29

Monocytes

Back 29

Scavenger cells that dispose of cellular debris

Front 30

Blood accumulating in the dilates vessels

Back 30

The redness of a localized infection results from what?

Front 31

Acute phase

Back 31

Occurs when specific symptoms and often labratory analysis can identify the disease

Front 32

Incubation period

Back 32

Refers to the time between the pathogen's entrance into the host and the appearance of symptoms

Front 33

Complement system

Back 33

Enhances phagocytosis of microbes, helps in the lysis of bacterial cell walls, and encourages the inflammatory response

Front 34

Migration of white blood cells to the area of infection

Back 34

Puslike drainage in the wound

Front 35

Granulocytes

Back 35

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Front 36

Agranulocytes

Back 36

T lymphocytes and monocytes

Front 37

Acquired specific defense

Back 37

Cellular and humoral immunity

Front 38

Nonspecific natural defenses

Back 38

Gastric acid secretion, phagocytosis, and intact skin

Front 39

Peak level

Back 39

Highest level of drug concentration, shortly after the drug is given

Front 40

Trough level

Back 40

Lowest level of drug concentration, should occur just before a dose is due to be administered

Front 41

Avoid trauma and subsequent infection

Back 41

How should you care for a client who has neutropenia resulting from chemotherapy?

Front 42

Gram staining

Back 42

Helps to order antibiotic therapy while waiting for specific culture results

Front 43

Minimum inhibitory concentration

Back 43

Permits selection of antibiotics concentration, helps in reducing proliferation of multi drug resistant organisms, narrows the therapeutic range, and avoids prolonged use

Front 44

Aerobic

Back 44

Would culture in which the specimen is obtained from deep in an area of active drainage

Front 45

Anaerobic

Back 45

Would culture in which the specimen is obtained from deep in the cavity to identify organisms that may grow where oxygen is not present.

Front 46

Young children

Back 46

Have vigorous immune response to infection and thus high fevers

Front 47

Crisis phase of fever

Back 47

Profuse diaphoresis

Front 48

Chill phase of fever

Back 48

Gooseflesh and shivering

Front 49

Fever phase

Back 49

Skin is warm and flushed, client feels general malaise

Front 50

Shift to the left in granulocytic differential count

Back 50

Strong indicator of a bacterial infection. Infection is severe or prolonged and the body cannot manufacture neutrophils quickly enough.

Front 51

Proportion of neutrophils increases

Back 51

Client's resistance is good and the body is considered to be fighting the infection well

Front 52

Tepid baths

Back 52

Bath temp for febrile patients

Front 53

Phases of fever

Back 53

1. Chill

2. Fever

3. Flush or crisis

Front 54

Aerobic wound culture

Back 54

Deep in an area of active draining

Front 55

Anaerobic

Back 55

Deep in the caviry with no oxygen

Front 56

Cellular immunity

Back 56

Reactives if the same antigen appears