Chapter 28 Prepu

Front 1

Visceral pain

Back 1

Poorly located and originates in body organs in the thorax, cranium, and abdomen. This pain occurs as organs stretch abnormally and become distented, ischemic, or inflamed.

Front 2

Neuropathic pain

Back 2

Occurs when there is actual nerve damage.

Front 3

Cutaneous pain

Back 3

Originates at the skin level. Type of sensory receptor found in the dermis or epidermis. Superficial pain.

Front 4

Psychogenic pain

Back 4

Psychalgia. Physical pain that is caused, increased, or prolonged by mental, emotional, or behavioral favors.

Front 5

Headache, back pain, stomach pain

Back 5

Most common types of psychogenic pain

Front 6

Somatic pain

Back 6

More commonly associated with tendons, ligaments, and bones

Front 7

Referred pain

Back 7

Pain percieved distant from its point of origin

Front 8

Acute pain

Back 8

Pain that lasts for a few seconds to less than 6 months

Front 9

Quality of pain

Back 9

Describe the pain

Front 10

1-10

Back 10

Pain intensity

Front 11

Duration

Back 11

How long the pain has existed

Front 12

Onset

Back 12

When the pain began

Front 13

Naloxone

Back 13

Opioid antagonist that reverses the respiratory depressant effect of an opioid

Front 14

Diphendydramine

Back 14

Antihistamine mainly used to treat allergies

Front 15

Atropine

Back 15

Medication to treat certain types of nerve agent and pesticide poisonings as well as some types of slow heart rate and decrease saliva production durinf surgery.

Front 16

Epinephrine

Back 16

Used for emergency treatment of severe allergic reactions (including anaphylaxis)

Front 17

Caregiver role strain

Back 17

Exhibited by statements of exhaustion, frustration, or seeming overwhelmed

Front 18

Chronic pain

Back 18

Pain that lasts longer than 6 months

Front 19

Transduction, transmission, perception, modulation

Back 19

4 step pain process

Front 20

Tactile kinesthetic distraction

Back 20

Pain distraction that includes holding or stroking a loved one, pet, or toy; rocking; and slow rhythmic breathing

Front 21

Project distraction

Back 21

Pain distraction that includes playing a challening game or performing meaningful work

Front 22

Visual distraction

Back 22

Pain distraction that can be accomplished through reading or watching television

Front 23

Auditory distraction

Back 23

Pain distraction that occurs when one listens to music

Front 24

Endogenous opioids

Back 24

Bind to sites on the nerve cell's membrane. Opiods produced from the body.

Front 25

Pediatric clients

Back 25

Pain assessment may require multiple methods to ensure accuracy in these patients

Front 26

Constipation

Back 26

Most common side effect of oxycodone

Front 27

TENS unit

Back 27

Mild electrical impulses block the pain signal before it can reach the brain

Front 28

Scheduled basis

Back 28

How to administer pain meds to a client with continuous pain

Front 29

Biofeedback

Back 29

Uses a machine to monitor physiologic responses through electrode sensors on the client's skin

Front 30

Endorphins and enkephalins

Back 30

Opioid neuromodulators that are powerful pain blocking chemicals that have prolonged analgesic effects and produce euphoria

Front 31

Nociceptors

Back 31

First component in pain stimulus. Located on two types if peripheral nerve cells that are responsible for transmitting pain sensations from the tissues to the CNS

Front 32

A-delta fibers

Back 32

Give rise to bright, sharp, well localized pain that is immediately associated with the injury

Front 33

C fibers

Back 33

Slow conducting, cause a second pain sensation that is dull, poorly localized, and persistent after injury

Front 34

Soinothalamic tract

Back 34

Transmits ascending impulses via secondary afferent neurons toward the brain and thalamus for interpretation

Front 35

Gabapentin

Back 35

Used to treat nerve pain

Front 36

Duration

Back 36

Asking how long the pain has existed

Front 37

Onset

Back 37

Asking when the pain began

Front 38

Patterns

Back 38

Asking if the client has had this pain before

Front 39

Intensity

Back 39

Asking the client to rate the pain from 1 to 10

Front 40

TENS machine

Back 40

Place on electrode from each channel on either side of the painful area. Set channels and leave on for 30 to 60 minutes.

Front 41

Etiology of the pain is unknown

Back 41

When should you not use a TENS machine

Front 42

Transduction

Back 42

First phase of pain in which injured cells release chemicals such as prostaglandins, bradykinin, histamine, and glutamate

Front 43

Transmission

Back 43

Phase during which stimuli move from the peripheral nervous system toward the brain

Front 44

Perception

Back 44

Occurs when the pain threshold is reached

Front 45

Modulation

Back 45

Last phase of pain impulse transmission. Brain interacts with the spinal nerves to alter the pain experience.

Front 46

Cutaneous

Back 46

Pain that originates at the skin level and is commonly experienced as a sensation resulting from some form of trauma

Front 47

Acute pain

Back 47

Pain that last less than 6 months

Front 48

Neuropathic pain

Back 48

Pain often experiwnced days weeks or months after the source of pain has been treated and resolved.

Front 49

TENS

Back 49

Non-invasive technique for providing pain relief that involves the electrical stimulation of large diameter fibers to inhibit the transmission of pain impulses carried over small diameter fibers

Front 50

Boredom loneliness depression

Back 50

What may affect an older person's perception of pain

Front 51

Behavioral (voluntary)

Back 51

Response to pain that includes moving away, grimacing, moaning, crying, protecting painful area, restlessness, refusing to move the limb

Front 52

Physiologic (involuntary)

Back 52

Response to pain that involves increased blood pressure, increased pulse and respiratory rates, pupil dilation, muscle tension and rigidity, pallor, increased adrenaline, increased blood glucose

Front 53

Psychological

Back 53

Pain responses such as exaggerated weeping and restlessness, withdrawal, stoicism, anxiety, depression, fear, angery, anorexia, fatigue, hopelessness, powerlessness

Front 54

Cutaneous stimulation

Back 54

Requires the client to be able to localize pain

Front 55

Somatic

Back 55

Pain that develops from injury to structures such as muscles, tendons, joints