Ch.4 Behavior Modification Vocab

Front 1

Reinforcement

Back 1

The process in which the occurrence of a behavior is followed by an immediate consequence that results in the strengthening of the behavior happening in the future again.

Front 2

Consequence

Back 2

Stimulus or event occurring immediately after a behavior

Front 3

Operant Behavior

Back 3

A behavior that is strengthened through the process of reinforcement

Front 4

Reinforcer

Back 4

The consequence that strengthens an operant behavior

Front 5

Positive Reinforcement

Back 5

1.) Occurrence of a behavior,

2.) Is followed by the addition of a stimulus (a reinforcer) or an increase in the intensity of a stimulus,

3.) Results in the strengthening of the behavior.

Front 6

Negative Reinforcement

Back 6

1.) Occurrence of a behavior,2.) Is followed by the removal of a stimulus (aversive stimulus) or a decrease in the intensity of a stimulus,3.) Results in the strengthening of the behavior.

Front 7

Stimulus

Back 7

An object or event that can be detected by one of the senses, and this has the potential to influence the person

Front 8

Social Reinforcement

Back 8

The process in which a behavior produces a reinforcing consequence through the actions of another person

Hint 8

Examples:

Pos.: ask roommate to bring you chips.

Neg.: ask roomates to turn down the TV when it's too loud.

Front 9

Automatic Reinforcement

Back 9

A process in which the behavior produces hey reinforcing consequence through direct contact with the physical environment.

Hint 9

Example:

Pos.: going down to the kitchen and getting the chips yourself

Neg.: turn down the TV volume yourself

Front 10

Premack Principle

Back 10

One type of positive reinforcement in which the opportunity to engage in a high probability behavior is made contingent on the occurrence of a low probability behavior to increase the low probability behavior

Hint 10

Example: parents telling their kids they have to clean their room before they can go outside and play with friends

Front 11

Escape Behavior

Back 11

The occurrence of the behavior results in the termination of an aversive stimulus that was already present when the behavior occurred

Hint 11

A person steps barefoot on the hot asphalt and immediately stepped onto the grass. Stepping onto the grass results in the ______ from the heat and of the asphalt

Front 12

Avoidance Behavior

Back 12

The occurrence of the behavior prevents and aversive stimulus from occurring.

Hint 12

A person put on shoes the next time she walks on asphalt. Wearing shoes results in ______ of the heat from the hot asphalt.

Front 13

Unconditioned reinforcer

Back 13

A stimulus that is naturally reinforcing because the capacity for our behavior to be strengthened by the stimulus has survival value.

Front 14

Conditioned Reinforcer

Back 14

A stimulus that was once neutral but became established as a reinforcer by being paired with an unconditioned reinforcer or an already established conditioned reinforcer

Front 15

Token

Back 15

A conditioned reinforcer is something that can be given to another person and accumulated by that person

Front 16

Backup Reinforcer

Back 16

A client receives tokens for desirable behaviors and exchanges a specified number of tokens for any of a variety of this kind of reinforcer

Front 17

Generalized conditioned reinforcer

Back 17

When a conditioned reinforcer is paired with a variety of other reinforcers

Front 18

Response

Back 18

One instance or occurrence of a particular behavior

Front 19

Contingency

Back 19

A stimulus is more effective as a reinforcer when it is delivered contingent on the behavior

Front 20

Motivating Operation (MO)

Back 20

An antecedent stimulus or event that alters the value of a reinforcer in alters the probability of the behavior that produces that reinforcer

Front 21

Establishing Operation (EO)

Back 21

Makes a reinforcer more potent

Hint 21

It establishes the effectiveness of a reinforcer

Front 22

Abolishing Operation (AO)

Back 22

Makes a reinforcer less potent

Hint 22

It abolishing or decreases the effectiveness of a reinforcer

Front 23

Deprivation

Back 23

A type of establishing operations that increases the effectiveness of most unconditioned reinforcers and some conditions reinforces

Front 24

Satiation

Back 24

When a person has recently consumed a large amount of a particular reinforcer or has had substantial exposure to a reinforcing stimulus

Front 25

Immediacy

Back 25

A stimulus is more effective as a reinforcer when it is delivered immediately after the behavior

Front 26

Schedule of reinforcement

Back 26

Specifies which responses will be followed by delivery of the reinforcer

Front 27

Continuous reinforcement schedule (CRF)

Back 27

Every response is followed by the reinforcer

Front 28

Intermittent reinforcement schedule

Back 28

Not every response is followed by the reinforcer

Front 29

Acquisition

Back 29

The development of a new behavior through reinforcement

Front 30

Maintenance

Back 30

Continuation of the behavior change for a long period after the termination of a behavior modification program

Front 31

Fixed Ratio (FR) Schedule

Back 31

A reinforcer is delivered after a certain number of responses

Front 32

Variable Ratio (VR) Schedule

Back 32

A reinforcer is delivered after an average of X responses

Front 33

Fixed Interval (FI) Schedule

Back 33

Reinforcer delivered for the first response that occurs after a fixed of time

Front 34

Variable Interval (VI) Schedule

Back 34

Reinforcer delivered for the first response that occurs after a variable interval of time

Front 35

Concurrent schedules of reinforcement

Back 35

All of the schedules of reinforcement that are in effect for a person's behavior at one time

Front 36

Concurrent operants

Back 36

A number of different behaviors or response options are concurrently available for the person

Front 37

Response Effort

Back 37

The amount of force, exertion, or time involved in executing a response.