⭐️cap Lesson Iv

Front 1

⭐️ pathophysiology and etiology of impacted cerumen

Back 1

Impacted cerumen is more common among people who have excessive thick or dry cerumen. Both qualities interfere with drainage toward the proximal end of the meatus, where cerumen normally leaves the ear during regular shampooing and showering. The trapped cerumen interferes with the transmission of sounds carried on airwaves

Front 2

⭐️Nursing management for impacted cerumen

Back 2

Eardrops can be warmed by holding the container in the hand for a few moments or placing it in warm water. Teach clients not to clean the external auditory canal with objects such as cotton tip swabs or toothpicks because it is traumatic to the surface and can harm the tympanic membrane. Home remedies are OK.

Front 3

⭐️Assessment findings for Ménière’s disease

Back 3

Sudden onset, symptoms may occur daily or in frequently. Vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, nausea and vomiting, nystagmus, pre-attack headache

Front 4

⭐️ototoxicity

Back 4

Detrimental effect of certain medication’s on the eighth cranial nerve (sensorineal), or hearing structures.

S/S: tinnitus and sensitive radio hearing loss.

Vestibular toxicity includes, lightheadedness, vertigo, N/V

Drugs associated include, salicylates, loop diuretics, quinidine, quinine, and aminoglycosides

Front 5

⭐️ototoxic drugs

Back 5

Alka-Seltzer (acetylsalicylic acid)

Excedrin extra strength (acetylsalicylic acid)

Prozac (fluoxetine)

Benadryl (diphenhydramine)

Depo Provera (Medroxyprogesterone)

Ambien (zolpidem)

Fentanyl DFC, PDR

Children’s Tylenol (acetaminophen) AC

Humira (adalimumab)

Allegra (fexofendine)

Oxycontin (Oxycodone)

Lithane (lithium)

Marijuana (cannabis sativa)

Codeine AHF, NTP

Advil (ibuprofen)

Botox (botulinum toxin type a)

Penicillamine CPS, PDR

Neosporin (neomycin)

Front 6

⭐️. Visual distortion caused by an irregularly shaped cornea

Back 6

Astigmatism

Front 7

⭐️ medical management for astigmatism

Back 7

Refractive errors are usually corrected with eyeglasses or contacts lenses. The lenses bend light rays to compensate for the refractive error. Not everyone can wear contact lenses people with a history of recurrent eye infections low tier production or severe allergic reactions are more likely to have trouble with them

Front 8

⭐️ ambulation with a blind client

Back 8

Instruct client to grasp your elbow and walk slightly behind and to the side when ambulating. This positioning helps the client to feel secure and ensure safety.

Front 9

⭐️ client and family teaching; instilling eye medication

Back 9

Wash hands thoroughly. Wipe the lids and lashes. Pull the tissue near the cheek downward. Tilt the head slightly backward. Do not allow the tip of the container to touch the eye. Instill ordered medication. Close eyes. Wipe away excess medication on the skin. Replace dressing if applicable. Do not rub eyes.

Front 10

⭐️ what medication will you give for glaucoma, and what medication should you never give for glaucoma

Back 10

Give miotics such as carbachol (Miostat) and pilocarpine (Pilocar) to constrict the people. These medications pull the iris away from the drainage channels so that the aqueous fluid can escape.

Mydriatics (drugs that dilate the pupil) should never be administered to clients with glaucoma. Avoid all drugs that contain atropine.

Front 11

⭐️ assessment findings for retinal detachment

Back 11

Noticeable gaps in vision, or Blindspot. Sensation of a curtain being drawn over vision field. Often see flashes of light. Seeing spots, cobwebs, or moving particles called floaters. Complete loss of vision may occur in the affected eye. The tissue appears gray in the detached area.

Front 12

⭐️ Nursing management for enucleation

Back 12

The nurse observes the client after surgery for signs and symptoms of bleeding or infection. The client is usually allowed out of bed on the day after surgery. When healing is complete, in about 2 to 4 weeks the nurse teaches the client how to insert and remove the prosthetic shell. The prosthesis is typically removed before going to bed and inserted the next morning. The nurse instruct the client to hold the head over a soft surface when removing.

Front 13

⭐️ Blinking

Back 13

Clears dust and particles from the eye surface

Front 14

⭐️Describe changes in vision related to Cataracs and Nearpoint vision

Back 14

The closest point a person can clearly focus on an object is called Nearpoint. When the lens becomes opaque, as when I cataract forms, light is blocked from reaching the macula and the visual image becomes blurred or cloudy.

Front 15

⭐️ A simple screening tool used for determining visual acuity

Back 15

The Snellen eye chart. With the chart 20 feet away, the examiner asks the client to cover one eye and identify letters of decreasing size.

Front 16

⭐️Clients with macular problems are initially tested with

Back 16

Amsler grid. It is made up of a geometric grid of identical squares with a central fixation point. The examiner instruct the client to stare at the Central fixation point on the grid and report if they see any distortion of the squares. Clients with macular problems may say some of the squares are faded or wavy.

Front 17

⭐️ The middle ear contains

Back 17

The middle ear is a small air filled cavity in the temporal bone. The *eustachian tube* extends from the floor of the middle ear to the pharynx and is lined with mucus membrane. It equalizes air pressure in the middle ear. A chain of three small bones, the malleus, the Incas, and the safety collectively referred to as the article stretches across the middle ear cavity from the tympanic membrane to the oval window. They move when struck by sound waves transmitted from the outer ear. When these bones are set in motion, the footplate of the stapes which is very flexible strikes the oval window agitating the fluid in the inner ear.

Front 18

⭐️ The inner ear

Back 18

The inner ear contains the *cochlea*, which provides for hearing. The semicircular canals provide for balance. And the vestibulocochlear nerve cranial nerve eight.

Front 19

⭐️ nursing assessment/ear assessment

Back 19

Obtain clients appraisal of their hearing including whether the client experiences tinnitus. Observe for actions such as leaning forward, turning the head, or cupping a hand to the ear. Document the use of a hearing aid. Ask about allergies, HX of upper respiratory and middle ear infection, high fever, exposure to loud sound. Inspect external ear for signs of infection such as swelling redness drainage or evidence of trauma. Shine a pen light into the ear to grossly inspect the ear canal straighten the air canal by gently pulling the ear up and back for an adult. Palpate the areas in front of and behind earlobe for tenderness and swelling. Perform a basic hearing acuity test.

Front 20

⭐️ audiometry

Back 20

Audiometry is done by an audiologist. It is a precise measurement of hearing acuity measured in decibels. During the test controlled intensities of sound, are projected to one year at a time through a headset. The client indicates when the sound is heard. The lowest level of sound the normal individuals can first perceive is 20 dB. Painful sounds occur at 120 dB.

Front 21

What is a medication that blocks acetylcholine, can sometimes be used orally for patients with excessive secretion

Back 21

Mydriatic, *homatropine (Atropine)

Front 22

What is a medication that constricts The pupil, these medication’s pull the iris away from the drainage channels so that the aqueous fluid can escape

Back 22

Miotic, *pilocarpine (pilocar, piloptic)

Front 23

eye Infections may be treated with antibiotics or sulfonamides. This can be in the form of solutions or ointment. List one example of an ophthalmic antibiotic

Back 23

Moxifloxacin* (vigamox)

Front 24

Ocular hypertension is a situation in which intraocular pressure is elevated without any other signs of glaucoma. Reduce aqueous humor with what medication

Back 24

latanoprost* (Xalatan)

Front 25

Ophthalmic medication, anti-inflammatory agents used postsurgery

Back 25

ketorolac*

Front 26

Ceruminolytic to loosen and remove earwax, such as

Back 26

*carbamide peroxide

Front 27

Analgesic, topical anesthetic to reduce ear pain

Back 27

Benzocaine *

Front 28

Anti-infectives for ear infection

Back 28

*acetic acid (Domeboro, Otic, Vosol Otic) (vinegar)