Cap 2 Lesson 3

Front 1

“a wholeness and harmony of body mind and spirit”.

Back 1

Health

Front 2

Most older adults have one or more

Back 2

Chronic disease

Front 3

Gerotransendance

Back 3

includes acceptance of normal aging changes, making plans for future, and having strong relationships with those around them. The objective is not to run a marathon or never experience illness.

Front 4

Health promotion focuses on wellness and must include

Back 4

Motivation and incentives

Front 5

_________ is the incentive or drive that causes a person to act.

Back 5

Motivation

Front 6

Incentives

Back 6

1. A belief that activities improve fitness and health

2. The enjoyment of socialization

3. A belief that activities help maintain independence

4. Influence of significant others

Front 7

Greater than 60% of individuals over the age of 60 are living with

Back 7

Two or more chronic diseases

Front 8

Most frequent chronic diseases

Back 8

arthritis, hypertension, heart disease, hearing impairment, dementia.

Front 9

Aging changes that affect optimum nutrition:

Back 9

Metabolism slows. Senses of taste and smell decrease. Decrease in socialization opportunities.

Front 10

Exercise: build and maintain muscle condition, short term illness decreases muscle strength, weak muscles lead to falls. This exercise prevents falls.

Back 10

Strengthening

Front 11

exercises include slow stretching motions, prevent muscles from becoming short and tight, motions should be done gradually and slowly. Prevents contractures.

Back 11

Flexibility

Front 12

improves function of heart, lungs and blood vessels, aerobic exercise best like swimming, walking, cycling, correct breathing techniques should be emphasized

Back 12

Endurance

Front 13

Stress in older adults is related to 3 basic areas:

Back 13

Environment- weather, crime, crowds, time pressures

Body- illness, accidents, lack of sleep, normal age changes

Mind- negative attitudes, boredom, despair, hopelessness

Front 14

impairs mental alertness, judgment, physical coordination and reaction time. Less tolerant of even small amounts

Back 14

Alc and old people

Front 15

Aging individuals should be urged to develop interests:

Back 15

Unrelated to work

Front 16

Phases of Retirement

Back 16

Remote: early on. Don't necessarily have a plan in place.

à Near: reality is evident and preparation begins.

à Honeymoon: have retired. Start to test fantasies.

à Disenchantment: they start to realize their fantasies aren't as enchanting.

à Reorientation: start making more realistic goals.

à Stability: they understand the new role.

à Termination: If financially they have to go back to work.

Front 17

most prevalent cause of death resulting from unintentional injury among older adults

Back 17

Falls

Front 18

Bodily causes of increase falls

Back 18

Musculoskeletal, decreased gait. Neurological, decreased proprioception. Sensory loss, hearing and vision loss. Cardiovascular, increased risk or orthostatic hypotension. Genitourinary and digestive, more likely to have frequency and urgency. Cognition, reaction times slow. Nutrition/Hydration, BP fluctuates due to not drinking enough.

Front 19

Signs of hyperthermia

Back 19

body temp higher than 103. Abnormal confusion. Headache. Heavy sweating or hot dry skin with no sweat. Pallor. Tachycardia. Fatigue. Dizziness. Muscle cramps. Nausea. Rapid, shallow breathing.

Front 20

Signs of hypothermia

Back 20

shivering, shallow breathing, weak pulse, memory loss, slurred speech, decreased responses (mental and physical), increased lethargy or fatigue.

Front 21

Elder abuse; what to look for

Back 21

bodily injuries or malnutrition. Withdraw. Changes in emotion. Missing money. Injury to genitals or mention of sexual aggression from others. Lack of care or caregivers.

Front 22

Risk factors for malnutrition in older adults

Back 22

immobility, sensory changes, poor dentition, pain, inability to acquire or prepare food, depression or loneliness.

Front 23

defined as inadequate or excessive exposure to nutrients.

Back 23

Malnutrition

Front 24

the body breaks these down slowly and they sustain energy over a longer period. Simple- easier for the body to digest, quick source of energy.

Back 24

Carbohydrates

Front 25

Carbs come from

Back 25

grains, beans, nuts, milk, fruits, vegetables

Front 26

Carbs are in

Back 26

grains, beans, nuts, milk, fruits, vegetables

Front 27

amino acids that provide support for various body parts.

Back 27

Structural proteins

Front 28

help the body perform the activities that keep the body alive.

Back 28

Functional proteins

Front 29

amino acids the body cannot make in sufficient quantities for metabolic needs and usually comes from diet.

Back 29

Essential

Front 30

amino acids the body can make in adequate amounts to meet needs.

Back 30

Non essential

Front 31

contain essential amino acids, animal sources.

Back 31

Complete proteins

Front 32

contain essential amino acids, animal sources.

Back 32

Complete proteins

Front 33

do not contain all essential amino acids, plant sources.

Back 33

Incomplete proteins

Front 34

Provide a source of fuel for the body, support internal organs, provide insulation and help with the absorption of certain vitamins.

Back 34

Fats

Front 35

found in plants- beans, nuts and oils produced by plants. also found in beef, poultry, fish, shellfish, dairy and eggs. Assist with absorption of vitamins A, D, E, and K

Back 35

Fats

Front 36

Needed for maintenance of metabolic processes and growth.

Back 36

Vitamins

Front 37

fat soluble, comes from animal and plant sources. Dark green leafy vegetables and deep yellow or orange fruits and vegetables. Good vision, growth and immune system function. Stored in body’s fat. Symptoms of excess vitamin- ataxia, dry skin, poor appetite and liver damage

Back 37

Vitamin A

Front 38

Necessary for energy metabolism and cell function. Whole grains or enriched cereals, nuts, organ meats, pork and legumes

Back 38

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

Front 39

Essential in building and maintaining healthy tissue. Milk and dairy products, enriched cereals, eggs and meats

Back 39

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

Front 40

Essential in maintaining healthy nervous and digestive system and skin. Whole grains, enriched breads, liver, meats, poultry, fish, tea and coffee.

Back 40

Vitamin B3 Niacin

Front 41

Niacin can interfere with

Back 41

blood glucose control. Niacin toxicity- diarrhea, vomiting, gastric ulcers and liver damage

Front 42

Assists in the metabolism and use of glycogen that has been stored as a fuel. Required for brain activity and normal functioning of CNS and immune system. Eggs, whole wheat products, nuts, vegetables and animal sources. Toxicity can occur with intake of large doses of dietary supplements- lack of muscle coordination, neuropathy, sensitivity to sunlight, heartburn and nausea

Back 42

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

Front 43

Essential for production of hemoglobin and for proper nervous system function. Gastrointestinal changes related to normal aging can decrease the absorption of vitamin B12. Meat, fish, poultry, eggs and milk products. No plant sources

Back 43

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)

Front 44

Essential for healthy cell growth and function and red blood cell formation. Green leafy vegetables, legumes/dried peas and beans, liver and fortified grains and cereal. Deficiency- fatigue and weakness, heart palpitations, bright red tongue and shortness of breath. High doses can cause colorectal cancer.

Back 44

Folate

Front 45

ascorbic acid. water soluble build and repair body tissues and bones, keep teeth and gums healthy and aid with iron reabsorption. Scurvy ( vitamin C deficiency). citrus fruits, strawberries, kiwi, cantaloupe, broccoli, brussel sprouts

Back 45

Vitamin C

Front 46

fat soluble. produced naturally by the body if enough sunlight. absorption of calcium and phosphorus for maintenance of bone tissues and other body functions. liver, fish oils, egg yolks and foods fortified with Vit

Back 46

Vitamin D

Front 47

fat soluble. powerful antioxidant that provides protection from many body tissues and slows aging process. PB, nuts, wheat germ, vegetable oils. large doses of Vitamin may interfere with blood clotting so patient taking anticoagulants should only take the recommended amount

Back 47

Vitamin E

Front 48

fat soluble. blood clotting functions, aiding in bone development and regulating blood calcium. leafy vegetables, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, brussel sprouts, kale. antibiotics prevent absorption of vitamin from intestinal tract

Back 48

Vitamin K

Front 49

Inorganic substances found in nature and human body and are classified according to the amount needed to maintain a healthy body. Major minerals (electrolytes)- calcium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, chloride and potassium

Back 49

Minerals

Front 50

bones and teeth, blood clotting, muscle and nerve activity, digestion, maintenance of blood pressure

Back 50

Calcium

Front 51

bone maintenance, metabolism, cell maintenance

Back 51

Phosphorus

Front 52

energy, maintaining cell membranes, muscle activity, metabolism

Back 52

Magnesium

Front 53

mainly responsible for maintaining the body’s water balance , nerve and muscle function, glucose activity

Back 53

Sodium

Front 54

mainly responsible for maintaining the body’s water balance , nerve and muscle function, glucose activity

Back 54

Sodium

Front 55

fluid balance, digestion (mineral)

Back 55

Chloride

Front 56

fluid balance, function of nervous and musculoskeletal system, insulin release, metabolic activities (mineral)

Back 56

Potassium

Front 57

Trace minerals

Back 57

Iron- production of hemoglobin, aiding in metabolism

▫ Zinc- wound healing, insulin storage.

▫ Iodine- component of thyroid hormone, regulates metabolism

▫ Selenium- healing, preventing disease, metabolic activities

▫ Copper- produce hemoglobin

▫ Manganese- metabolic functions, blood clotting

▫ Chromium- improves glucose metabolism

▫ Fluoride- bone and dental integrity

Front 58

How to Help Older Adults Stay Active:

Back 58

Older adults must be encouraged to do as much activity for themselves as possible. Examples: walking residents to meals. sitting in chair to eat- promotes digestion. encourage older adults to do ADL’s. be aware of physical ability

Front 59

Four Types of Exercise Recommended for Older Adults.

Back 59

Endurance- aerobic exercise increases respiratory and cardiac function. Muscle Strengthening- resistance exercise. Balance Training- prevents falls Flexibility- improves overall movement and helps them stay active muscles are stretched

Front 60

deepest sleep and is essential for good nights sleep- if person’s sleep interrupted- the cycle disturbed and the deep healthy sleep is lost.

Back 60

REM

Front 61

stages progress from relaxation to deeper sleep

Back 61

NREM

Front 62

the body’s ability to synchronize the activity of the body to the 24-hour cycle of the external environment

Back 62

Circadian rhythm

Front 63

Risk factors for bad sleep

Back 63

sedentary lifestyle, psychiatric conditions, physical conditions, psychosocial stressors, medications, lifestyle changes, environment changes. Fatigue is not a normal outcome of aging- it is a problem

Front 64

How to improve sleep

Back 64

Balance daytime activity and rest Provide activity. during the day. Provide socialization. Limit number and length of naps during day. Maintain bedtime routine. Provide 2-3 hours uninterrupted sleep during night

Front 65

To have maximum health- all people need ACTIVITY that fits their physiology. REST that accommodates their lifestyle and SLEEP that allows them the ability to function without fatigue

Back 65

All done!! ❤️