Biology Exam Review Cards

Front 1

The amount of light and temperature are examples of ________________.

Back 1

factors that living things respond to

Front 2

Hypothesis form from prior _____________, logical _______________, and imaginative _________.

Back 2

knowledge
inferences
guesses

Front 3

_____________ are variables that scientists test with controlled experiments.

Back 3

single variables

Front 4

A biologist can be related to ________, ___________, and _________.

Back 4

botany
zoology
ethology

Front 5

The ability to reproduce results in an important part of any ____________.

Back 5

experiment

Front 6

An instrument used to separate cell parts according to density is called a __________.

Back 6

centrifuge

Front 7

An _________ is not a measurement in the SI system.

Back 7

ounce

Front 8

Groups of cells that developed from a single original cell are called ________.

Back 8

cell culture

Front 9

Abiotic elements in our ecosystem are: ___________, _________, _________.

Back 9

water
clouds
temperature

Front 10

The ability to do work or set things in motion is called ____________ energy.

Back 10

kinetic

Front 11

What are the three types of kinetic energy?

Back 11

electrical
mechanical
radiant

Front 12

What kind of energy is massless and takes up no space?

Back 12

potential energy

Front 13

What are the types of potential energy?

Back 13

chemical

Front 14

What are the 8 characteristics of living things:
1. made up of at least ____ cell
2. _____________
3. reproduces ___________
4. have a ________
5. maintain ____
6. are based on _______
7. _______ as a species
8.responds to ________

Back 14

one
grow and develop
viable, productive offspring
metabolism
homeostasis
DNA
evolve
environment

Front 15

Suspensions are mixtures of water and _________ materials.

Back 15

nondissolved

Front 16

The most abundant compound in most living things is ______.

Back 16

water

Front 17

A covalent bond is formed as result of ____________.

Back 17

sharing electrons

Front 18

Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things?

Back 18

carbohydrates

Front 19

Water molecules are polar, with the oxygen side being slightly _________ and the hydrogen side being slightly _______.

Back 19

negatively
postive

Front 20

Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by changing the ________ of the reaction.

Back 20

speed

Front 21

Which of the following statements about a compound is true? the ______ and _____ properties of a compound are usually very different from those of the elements from which it is formed.

Back 21

physical and chemical

Front 22

Ice floats on water because water ________ when it freezes.

Back 22

expands

Front 23

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and a different number of __________.

Back 23

neutrons

Front 24

A solution is an evenly distributed ________ of two or more substances.

Back 24

mixture

Front 25

Which of the following terms described a substance formed by the combination of two or more elements in definite proportions?

Back 25

compound

Front 26

What type of electron is available to form bonds?

Back 26

valence

Front 27

When salt is dissolved in water, water is the ___________.

Back 27

solvent

Front 28

What makes up a molecule of water?

Back 28

2 atoms of hydrogen
one atom of oxygen

Front 29

When hydrogen and oxygen combine to make water, water would be a _____________.

Back 29

product

Front 30

_____________ reactions that release energy often occur spontaneously.

Back 30

chemical

Front 31

The work of Schleden and Schwann can be summarized by saying all plants and animals are made of ____________.

Back 31

cells

Front 32

The cell structure containing the cell's genetic information and controls all activities.

Back 32

nucleus

Front 33

Eukaryotes usually contain a ________, special ________, and have ___________ material.

Back 33

nucleus
organelles
genetic

Front 34

The nucleus contains the ___________________________. (3)

Back 34

nucleolus, chromatin, DNA

Front 35

_________ and __________ carry out cell movement.

Back 35

microtubles
microfilaments

Front 36

The organelle that breaks compounds down into small particles the cell will use.

Back 36

lysosomes

Front 37

What converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convient for the cell to use.

Back 37

mitochondrion

Front 38

An _______ cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the osmotic pressure causes the water to move into the cell.

Back 38

animal

Front 39

Who was the first person to identify cells?

Back 39

Hooke

Front 40

What is the thin, flexible barrier around the cell?

Back 40

cell membrane

Front 41

What helps keep the cell shape?

Back 41

cytoskeleton

Front 42

Which scientists showed that plants need light to grow?

Back 42

Priestly and Ingenhousz

Front 43

Which of the following are used in the overall reactions for photsynthesis?

Back 43

carbon dioxide
water
light

Front 44

Most plants appear green because chlorophyll does not absorb _________.

Back 44

green light

Front 45

The light collecting untis of a chloroplast are the ______

Back 45

photosystems

Front 46

What are the products of the light-dependent reactions?

Back 46

oxygen gas, ATP, NADPH

Front 47

If you continue to increase the intensity of light that a plant receives, what happens?

Back 47

the rate of photosynthesis increases then levels off

Front 48

Helmont conlcuded that plants gain most of their mass from __________.

Back 48

water

Front 49

Ingenhousz showed that plants produce oxygen bubbles when exposed to ____________.

Back 49

light

Front 50

Where do the light dependent reations take place? only in what type of molecule?

Back 50

only in chlorophyll molecules

Front 51

Which is Not a stage of cellular respiration?

Back 51

fermentation

Front 52

What are the reactants in the equation for cellular respiration?

Back 52

glucose and oxygen

Front 53

Which of the following passes high-energy electrons into the electron transport chain?

Back 53

NADH anbd FADH2

Front 54

Which process doesn't release energy from glucose?

Back 54

photosynthesis

Front 55

Photosynthesis is to chloroplasts as cellular respiration is to ___________.

Back 55

mitochondria

Front 56

Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down

Back 56

food molecules

Front 57

Which of these is a product of cellular respriation

Back 57

water

Front 58

which of these processes takes place in the cytoplasm

Back 58

glycolysis

Front 59

in the presence of oxygen, glcolysis is followed by the ____________.

Back 59

krebs cycle

Front 60

the starting molecule for the krebs cycle is _______.

Back 60

pyruvic acid

Front 61

When the body needs to exercise for longer than 90 seconds, it generates ATP by carrying out _____________.

Back 61

cellular respiration

Front 62

What makes up DNA?

Back 62

deoxyribose
phosphate group
cytosine

Front 63

During mitosis, the DNA molecules become _______________.

Back 63

more tightly coiled

Front 64

Unlike DNA, RNA contains _________.

Back 64

uracil

Front 65

During transcription, an RNA molecule is formed inside the ____________.

Back 65

nucleus

Front 66

How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids?

Back 66

3

Front 67

Inversion is not a type of gene _________.

Back 67

mutation

Front 68

Proteins that bind to regulatory sites on DNA determine whether the _________________.

Back 68

gene is expressed

Front 69

TRUE/FALSE: Hox genes found in different animals are very different from one another.

Back 69

false

Front 70

Avery's experiment showed that bacteria are transformd by _________.

Back 70

DNA

Front 71

DNA is copied during a process called __________.

Back 71

DNA replication

Front 72

RNA contains the sugar ___________.

Back 72

ribose

Front 73

Which RNA molecule carries the amino acids?

Back 73

transfer RNA

Front 74

During _________, the cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.

Back 74

translation

Front 75

A promoter is a binding site for _________ polymerase.

Back 75

RNA

Front 76

Hox genes determine an animal's basic _________.

Back 76

body plan

Front 77

A lac repressor turns off the lac genes by binding to the _________.

Back 77

operator

Front 78

In E coli, the lac operon controls the breakdown of ____________.

Back 78

lactose

Front 79

The __________ is not generally found in eukaryotic genes.

Back 79

operon

Front 80

What kinds of problems does growth cause for cells (3)?

Back 80

DNA overload
pressure to obtain enough food
trouble expelling wastes

Front 81

In what three ways does cell division solve problems of cell growth?
1. cell division makes each daughter cell with a copy of its own _________
2. it increases the ________ of the original cell
3. it reduces the orginial cell's _____________.

Back 81

DNA
surface area
volume

Front 82

During ______ phase, chromosomes are visible.

Back 82

M

Front 83

During _______ phase, a cell's DNA is replicated.

Back 83

S

Front 84

During _________, the cell grows.

Back 84

interphase

Front 85

During __________, chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell.

Back 85

metaphase

Front 86

What are the two main stages of cell division?

Back 86

mitosis and cytokinesis

Front 87

As a cell grows, it places more demands on its ________, it uses up food and _______ faster, and it has more trouble passing enough materials across the cell __________.

Back 87

DNA
oxygen
membrane

Front 88

Compared with small cells, large cells have more trouble moving materials into or out of the ________.

Back 88

cell

Front 89

What are the phases of the cell cycle?

Back 89

G1, G2, and M phases

Front 90

What is a series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide?

Back 90

cell cycle

Front 91

In eukaryotic cells, the timing of the cell cycle is regulated by __________.

Back 91

cyclins

Front 92

Before a normal cell gets too big, it divides, creating two new ________ cells.

Back 92

daughter

Front 93

Proteins that regulate the cell cycle based on events inside the cell are called ______________.

Back 93

internal regulators

Front 94

What divides from the cell wall during cell division?

Back 94

cell plate