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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The biological species concept works well for all organisms |
FALSE |
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Humans never had gills or a tail at any point in their life |
FALSE |
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Charles Darwin attended school to become a minister |
TRUE |
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Origin of aerobic prokaryotes |
After origin of anaerobic prokaryotes |
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Origin of eukaryotes |
After origin of autotrophic prokaryotes |
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Arthropods (e.g. insects and spiders) invaded land |
Before vertebrates invaded land |
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Diversification of birds |
Similar time as diversification of mammals |
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Origin of Animals |
Before flowering plants evolved |
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Amphibians originated... |
Before dinosaurs ruled the land |
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Mammalian appendages with similar bone structures (all from a tetrapod ancestor) can be used for flying, swimming, reaching, or grasping.
These are examples of structures. |
Homologous |
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First multicellular life form |
after oxygen accumulation |
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Definition of evolution |
Change of allele frequencies in a population over generations |
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4 postulates of Natural Selection by Charles Darwin |
1. Heredity 2. Variation 3. Offspring surplus 4. Survival and reproduction of the best adapted |
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Why is sex so popular? |
sex promotes genetic variation and diversity |
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Dragonflies and hummingbirds are not closely related, but both have wings.
This is an example of...? |
Analagous structures |
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CLASSIFICATION LEVELS Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species |
HUMAN CLASSIFICATION D - Eukarya K - Animalia P - Chordata C - Mammalia O - Primate F - Hominadae G - Homo S - Homo sapien |
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The type of reproductions in which a mule is sterile and cannot reproduce: |
Hybrid infertility |
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In ponds with predators, Trinidad Guppies were found to reproduce at a/an age, and be colorful than ponds that lacked predators. |
Earlier age and be less colorful |
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Which is the smallest scale at which evolution operates? |
Populations |
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Darwin and both proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection |
Wallace |
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Both Darwin and Wallace were influenced by Thomas Malthus' writings on what? |
Population growth |
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Endosymbiotic hypothesis suggests that... |
Mitochondria are descended from little cells engulfed by bigger ones |
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What is the ultimate source of genetic variation on Earth? |
Mutation |
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Which type of mating isolation is seen between Black-capped and Carolina Chickadees in WV? |
Behavioral Isolation |
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An example that is not considered evidence for evolution? |
Humans evolved from monkeys |
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Based on the Biological Species Concept, the two criteria for specification are... |
Isolation and Genetic Divergence |
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What were the first organisms on Earth? |
Heterotrophic prokaryotes |
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A trait that has the same alleles (e.g. aa or AA) for that gene is referred to as... |
Homozygous |
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Groundhogs that store fat poorly, starve in the winter, and groundhogs that store fat too efficiently have heart attacks. Groundhogs that survive and reproduce the best store fat, but not too much. This is an example of ? |
Stabilizing selection |
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A predatory lizard was introduced to a population of Anole lizards on a small island in the Bahamas. Over many generations the legs of the Anole lizards became measurably longer than the initial length. This is an example of... |
Directional selection |
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Which best describes the theory of evolution by natural selection? |
Reproduction of the best adapted |
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The human coccyx bone is an example of... |
Vestigial structure |
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Which evolutionary mechanism can increase genetic variation within a population, but decrease variation among multiple populations? |
Gene Flow |
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Which mechanism of evolution is most immediately prevalent in a population that has just undergone a population bottleneck? |
Gene Drift |
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Planet Earth is approximately how many years old? |
4.6 billion years old |
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The anole lizard population on an island has two color forms: green and brown. A volcano arises on the island and splits the population of lizards in two populations. The northern population has a more brown color than the original population. This is an example of... |
Founder effect |
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If part of the northern brown anole populations to genetically divege (from living in higher tree branches) from another northern population until they no longer interbreed, what has occurred? |
Ecological Isolation |
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A small finch population is blown to a remote island and feeds on a variety of seed, nectar, insect and fruit sources. Several thousand years later, these finches evolved into many species with various bills to maximize energy intake. This is an example of... |
Adaptive Radiation and Disruptive Selection |
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What unique experience did Darwin and Wallace share that provided them with an advantage to how species change on Earth? |
Observed specimens on island chains |
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If organisms are in the same taxonomic genus, then they must also be in the same... |
Kingdom, Class, Order, and Phylum |
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The starting allele grequency in a population is 50%B and 50%b. After mlultiple generations in the population, the allele frequency is B=25% and b =75%. What can you conclude? |
Evolution occurred |
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What is an example that is not a mechanism of evolution? |
Random mating |
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The Devil's Hole Pupfish is threatened with extinction because of... |
Localized distributions |
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Of all species that have ever existed on Earth, how many are still alive today? |
< 1% |
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Evolution can be observed by humans |
TRUE |
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Natural selection is required for evolution to occur |
FALSE |
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Evolution always leads to speciation |
FALSE |
