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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Chromosomes contain what?
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DNA
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The DNA of Chrome...
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Asexual Reproduction
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Reproduce by single cell division...no sperm no egg.
They inherit all DNA from one single parent. |
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Mitosis
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The type of cell division responsible for asexual re-production and for the growth and maintenance of multicellular organisms
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Mito cant get a girlfriend...he has to reproduce asexually
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Meiosis
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Cell division which makes the production of egg and sperm
(sexual reproduction) |
Me uses Meiosis
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Chromosomes are in the...
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Nucleus
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Lets nuke some Chrome to kill DNA
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Chromatin
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Combination of DNA and protein molecules
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Chrome is hard like Mat because it eats its protein
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Histones
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Small proteins found only in eukarotes used to pack and fold up chromosomes.
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Histon is packing chrome to go to Eukarote.
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Nucleosome
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"bead" of DNA wound around histsone molecules (first level of packing)
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Nucleosome (surfer accent to Gnarly) necklace
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Sister chromatids
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The two copies of chromosomes that result when the cell undergos DNA replication at the start of the division process.
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Twin Sisters copy the mama
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Centromere
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Where sister chromotids are joined together at a narrow "waist"
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the Mere Centro of the sisters.
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Cell Cycle
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An orderly sequence of events starting from when the cell first arises until it divides.
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Interphase
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a time when a cell performs its normal functions within the organism. It doubles everything in the cytoplasm, increses proteins and organelles (ribosomes, mitochondria)and grows in size...90% of cell cycle.
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The non-intereting phase
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S phase
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The phase of interphase that
chromosome duplication occurs (DNA Doubled) (During Interphase of the Cell Cycle) |
DNA S(ynthesis)
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G1 and G2 Phases
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Gap Phases where the cell is preparing to divide into two sister chromotids
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Mitotic phase (M Phase) contains what two processes?
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mitosis and cytokinesis
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M, C, the first and last letter of mitotic
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Mitotic phase
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The phase of the cell cycle in which the cell is actually dividing
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Mito has a split personality
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Mitosis
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two daughter nuclei are created
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mito has two daughters named nuclei
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Cytokinesis
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The cytoplasm is divided into two
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mitosis only takes place in
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eukarayotes
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What are the four phases of mitosis?
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prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase
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PMAT
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Mitotic Spindle
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The "strings" that pull apart daughter chromosomes
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centrosomes
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where mitotic spindles grow from
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In animal cells, centrosomes contain
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centrioles
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prophase
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chromosomes have sister chromatids, spindle forms and seperated to oppisite cell sides, nuclear envelope breaks up, chromosomes begin to move to center of cell
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metaphase
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chromosomes lined up in center
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meta=middle
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anaphase
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sister chromotids of each chromosome seperate. daughter chromosomes walk along microtubles to opposite cell sides, cell lengthens.
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Telophase
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Telophase is the opposite of prophase, nuclear envelopes are formed, chromosomes uncoil and spindle dissapears
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Cytokinesis
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A clevage furrow seperates the cell in two, producing two daughter cells (usually occurs with telophase)
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Plant cytokinesis
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has membrane-enclosed vescicles containing cell wall material go to middle of cell. They fuse into a cell plate. This fuses with the plasma membrane, forming two daughter cells.
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cell cycle control sytstem
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directs the sequential events of the cell cycle with proteins, allowing cells to complete the cell cycle.
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CCCS police
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Benign and Malignant tumors
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Benign-tumor remains stationary. not dangerous.
malignant-tumor moves throughout body spreading cancer (metastasis) |
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somatic cell
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a typical human body cell
46 chromosomes |
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homologous chromosomes
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twin chromosomes 23
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haploid
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single chromosome set
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diploid
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two sets of chromosomes
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zygote
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fertilized egg
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meiosis produces
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haploid daughter cells in diploid organisms
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Prophase 1 (Meiosis-organisms with diploid chromosomes.)
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4 chromotids=tetrad
cross over=exchanges genetic info. chromosomes moved towards center of cell |
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Metaphase I
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tetrads aligned in middle;
sister chromatids anchored to spindle microtubles |
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Anaphase I
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sister chromotids migrate as a pair to opposite ends of the poles
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Meiosis I
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Reduces the chromosome number in daughter cells.
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Meiosis II is nearly the same as
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Mitosis
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Telophase I
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chromosomes arrive at poles of cell in haploid form
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end result of meiosis
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4 haploid daughter cells
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disjunction
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in Anaphase 1 tetrads seperate and chromosomes move to sperate cells
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monosomy
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zygote is missing one cone chromosome of a homologous pair.
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trisomy
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zygote has an additional chromosome for a homologous pair.
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Down Syndrome trisomy 21
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genetic cross
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cross-fertilization
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P generation
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parental plants
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F1 Generation
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offspring plants
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filial(son or daughter)
freakin kids |
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monohybrid cross
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plants differ in only one characteristic
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alleles
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alternative forms of genes
purple/white both color |
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phenotypes
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expressed
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genotypes
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in genes
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The Law of Segregation (Mendel)
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traits are controlled by two discrete factors and these
factors segregate (separate) during gamete formation and come back to form a pair during fertilization. |
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