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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The water necessary for photosynthesis
a. is split into H2 and O2 b. is directly involved in the synthesis of carbohydrates c. provides the electrons to replace lost electrons in photosystem II d. provides H+ needed to synthesize G3P e. none of the above |
c. provides the electrons to replace lost electrons in photosystem II
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_________ binds to receptors inside cells.
a. estrogen b. epinephrine c. epidermal growth factor d. all of the above e. A and B only |
a. estrogen
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Which phase of meiosis is being described by the following sentence?
Centromeres of sister chromatids separate and each sister (now individual chromosomes) move toward opposite poles of the cell. a. Metaphase I b. Metaphase II c. Anaphase I d. Anaphase II e. C and D |
d. Anaphase II
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G-protein coupled receptors (GCPR) are
a. activated when a signal binds to a G protein b. are common second messenger system components c. do not require energy to signal the cell response d. a and b only e. a, b, and c |
b. are common second messenger system components
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All of the following are differences between mitosis and meiosis except
a. 1 round of divisions versus 2 rounds b. rare crossing over versus common crossing over during prophase c. end products are 2 identical cells versus 4 genetically different cells d. sister chromatids separate in mitosis versus not in meiosis e. no change in chromosome number versus a change |
d. sister chromatids separate in mitosis versus not in meiosis
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If drawing a concept map about cyclic electron flow, which of the following terms would not be included?
a. photosystem I b. water c. ATP d. thylakoid e. H+ gradient |
b. water
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Put the following events in the correct sequence.
1. cellular protein is phosphorylated 2. G protein is activated 3. cAMP is produced 4. Signal molecule binds to membrane receptor 5. GPCR is activated a. 42531 b. 45231 c. 34521 d. 42513 e. 45123 |
b. 45231
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Which of the following contributes to the resting membrane potential?
a. negatively charged ions inside and outside the cell b. active transport of ions across the membrane c. concentration of Na+ and K+ inside and outside the cell d. all of the above e. b and c only |
d. all of the above
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Photorespiration
a. is the process where plants use sunlight to make ATP b. is an inefficient way plants can produce organic molecules and in the process use oxygen and release carbon dioxide c. is a process that plants use to convert light energy to NADPH d. occurs in the thylakoid lumen e. is the normal process of carbohydrate production in cool, moist environments |
b. is an inefficient way plants can produce organic molecules and in the process use oxygen and release carbon dioxide
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This plant growth substance promotes stem elongation and flowering - it was discovered in a fungus that infected rice - it caused the rice plants to grow taller without maturing and producing the grain.
a. auxin b. gibberellins c. cytokinins d. ethylene e. abscisic acid |
b. gibberellins
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Chromatin fibers condense and discrete chromosomes are seen in which phase of mitosis?
a. prophase b. metaphase c. anaphase d. telophase e. none of the above |
a. prophase
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The dark reactions of photosynthesis occur in the
a. thylakoid membranes b. cytoplasm c. stroma d. mitochondria e. lysosomes |
c. stroma
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Second messengers are molecules that trigger a cell response when activated by a signal molecule. Which of the following is not typically used as a second messenger?
a. Ca++ b. DAG c. cAMP d. Na+ e. all of the above are common second messengers |
d. Na+
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Put the following events into the correct sequence.
1. Depolarization occurs 2. Membrane potential hyperpolarizes 3. Sodium channels open and membrane reaches threshold potential 4. Neuron membrane returns to rest after action potential 5. Potassium channels open and repolarization occurs. a. 13524 b. 13452 c. 31542 d. 35142 e. 31542 |
a. 13524
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What type of signaling does not affect the cell secreting the signal but does influence cells in close proximity (like neurons)?
a. direct intercellular b. contact-dependent c. autocrine d. paracrine e. endocrine |
d. paracrine
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When potassium channels are open during an action potential, which way does the potassium go?
a. into the cells b. out of the cells |
b. out of the cells
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Sodium channels are open and potassium channels are closed during
a. resting period b. depolarization c. repolarization d. hyperpolarization e. c and d |
b. depolarization
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During hyperpolarization, the membrane potential is
a. higher than resting potential b. higher than 0mV c. lower than resting potential d. at resting potential e. none of the above |
c. lower than resting potential
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Checkpoints during the cell cycle are important because they
a. allow the organelle activity to catch up to cellular demands b. ensure the integrity of the cell's DNA c. allow the cell to generate sufficient ATP for cellular division d. are the only time DNA replication can occur e. all of the above |
b. ensure the integrity of the cell's DNA
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Cell cycle checkpoints are found in several places within the cycle. Checkpoints are NOT found in
a. G1 b. G2 c. Metaphase d. Cytokinesis e. c and d |
d. cytokinesis
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Number of ATPs needed in the reduction phase only of the Calvin cycle for every 6 CO2 incorporated.
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12
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Total number of NADPHs needed in the regeneration phase only for every 6 CO2 incorporated.
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0
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Number of carbons in a RuBP molecule.
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5
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Total number of ATPs needed in the regeneration phase only for every 6 CO2 incorporated.
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6
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Number of CO2 molecules needed to produce one molecule of sugar (that can be converted to glucose) in the Calvin cycle.
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6
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phase in the cell cycle where DNA is replicated
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S phase
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replicated forms of chromosomes joined together
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sister chromatids
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centralized region joining replicated chromosomes
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centromeres
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forms a tetrad in metaphase I
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homologous chromosomes
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life cycle present in animals
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diploid-dominant
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structure at the cell poles where the spindles are formed
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centrosome
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life cycle present in higher plants
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alternation of generations
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phase in the cell cycle where the cell synthesizes proteins necessary for cell division
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G2
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division of cytoplasm to produce 2 distinct daughter cells
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cytokinesis
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spindle fibers that project into the cell and elongate the cytoplasm
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nonkinetochore microtubules
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The cytochrome complexes of ________ and chloroplasts have evolutionarily related proteins in common.
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mitochondria
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The life cycle type that has the shortest amount of time between fertilization and the beginning of meiosis is _____________.
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haploid-dominant
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A __________ is a chromosomal mutation where one segment of a chromosome becomes attached to a different chromosome.
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translocation
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__________ are photopigments in plants that act to dissipate the light and offer photoprotection for the plant.
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Carotenoids
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Agricultural plants commonly have different chromosome numbers. Give one reason why this would be beneficial.
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to create drought-resistant or disease-resistant crops
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Repolarization occurs when ____ channels are open.
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K+
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______ is the period of the cell cycle where G1, G2, and S occur.
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Interphase
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Channels that require a signal molecule to bind to them in order to open are referred to as ______-gated channels.
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ligand
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The dark reactions take place place in the _______.
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stroma
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CO2 and O2 travel in and out of the plant through pores called _______.
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stomata
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Trisomy, where three homologous chromosomes are present in a cell instead of the normal two, is caused by nondisjunction. This is most likely due to a fragile _______ _________ that breaks during meiosis.
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spindle fiber
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__________ are the group of plant growth substances that activate the secondary meristems (allow plant to expand in width as opposed to height).
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Cytokinins
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_____________ is the process of cells shrinking and "blebbing", programmed cell death.
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Apoptosis
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DAG and IP3 are second messengers that trigger what ion channels to open?
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Ca2+
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____________ was an example of a signal molecule that required a second messenger system to trigger an increase in heart rate.
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Epinephrine
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