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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What am I? Diarrhea
pH: 7.23 HCO3: 20 PCO2: 38 |
Metabolic acidosis
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What am I? Hyperventillating
pH: 7.56 HCO3: 27 PCO2: 28 |
Respiratory alkolosis
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What am I? Hypoventillating
pH: 7.2 HCO3: 26 PCO2: 62 |
Respiratory acidosis
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What am I? Vomiting
pH: 7.6 HCO3: 34 PCO2: 46 |
Metabolic alkalosis
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What are normal ranges?
pH: HCO3: PCO2: |
pH: 7.35 - 7.45
HCO3: 24 - 28 PCO2: 35 - 45 |
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ACID BASE DISORDERS
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ACID BASE DISORDERS
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If the pH is down, then think what?
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Acidosis
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If pH is high, then think what?
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Alkalosis
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If HCO3 is down, then think what?
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Acidosis
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If HCO3 is high, then think what?
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Alkalosis
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If PCO2 is down, then think what?
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Alkalosis
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If PCO2 is high then think what?
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Acidosis
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This is generally caused by hypoventilation and CO2 buildup in tissues and blood
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Respiratory acidosis
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This is caused by buildup of organic or fixed acid, impaired H+ elimination at kidneys or HCO3 loss in urine or feces
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Metabolic acidosis
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This is generally caused by hyperventilation and reduction in plasma CO2 levels
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Respiratory alkalosis
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This is generally caused by prolonged vomiting and associated acid loss
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Metabolic alkalosis
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How do you treat respiratory acidosis
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improve ventilation; in some cases with bronchodilation and mechanical assistance
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How do you treat metabolic acidosis
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administration of bicarbonate (gradual) with other steps as needed to correct primary cause
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How do you treat respiratory alkalosis
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Reduce respiratory rate, allow rise in PCO2
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How do you treat metabolic alkalosis
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pH below 7.55 - no treatment. pH above 7.55 may require administration of NH4CL
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Define Hypokalemia
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diuretic users, loose through stool/vomiting. Sx confusion, muscle changes, EKG changes
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Define Hyperkalemia
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↓ excretion, acidosis, drugs that ↑ K+, hyperthyroidism
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Define Hyponatremia
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H2O toxicity, CHF, Nephritic syndrome
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Define Hypernatremia
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dehydration, DI, impaired thirst, limited h20 intake
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What is the EKG finding with hyperkalemia?
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Peaked “T” waves, prominent “V” waves
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What is the EKG finding with hypokalemia?
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Decreased amplitude & widening of QRS compliment
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What are the normal values for pH
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7.35-7.45
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What are the normal values for PaCO2
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35-45
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What are the normal values for PaO2
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80-100
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What are the normal values for HCO3
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21-28
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What are the normal values for SPO2
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95-100
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What is the body's most important buffer substance for hydrogen ions
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bicarbonate HCO3
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What organs act as the main regulator of bicarbonate HCO3 and CO2 excretion
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lungs and kidney
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