Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Delocalised electrons
|
_______ are shared between more than two atoms
|
|
An addition reaction
|
___________ is one in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule
|
|
A substitution reaction
|
___________ is one in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different atom or group of atoms
|
|
An electrophile
|
is an atom or group of atoms that is attracted to an electron rich centre, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.
|
|
Electrophilic substitution
|
is a type of substitution reaction in which an electrophile is attracted to an electron rich centre or atom, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.
|
|
A reaction mechanism
|
is a series of steps that, together, make up the overall reaction.
|
|
A curly arrow
|
is a symbol used in reaction mechanisms to show the movement of an electron pair in the breaking or formation of covalent bonds.
|
|
The functional group
|
is the part of an organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions
|
|
Electronegativity
|
is a measure of the attraction of a bonded atom for the pair of electrons in a covalent bond.
|
|
The stem
|
is the longest carbon chain present in an organic molecule
|
|
A suffix
|
is the part of the name added after the stem
|
|
A redox reaction
|
is one in which both reduction and oxidation take place
|
|
Reflux
|
is the continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure that the reaction takes place without the contents of the flask boiling dry
|
|
A nucleophile
|
is an atom or group of atoms attracted to an electron deficient centre, where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond
|
|
Esterification
|
is the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produce an ester and water
|
|
Hydrolysis
|
is a reaction with water or hydroxide ions that breaks a chemical compound into two compounds
|
|
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
|
is responsible for carrying cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to the tissues
|
|
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
|
can remove cholesterol from the arteries and transport it back to the liver for excretion or re-utilisation
|
|
A peptide
|
is a compound made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
|
|
A zwitterion
|
is a dipolar ionic form of an amino acid that is formed by the donation of a hydrogen ion from the carboxyl group to the amino group. Because both charges are present, there is no overall charge.
|
|
The isoelectric point
|
is the pH value at which the amino acid exists as a zwitterion
|
|
Stereoisomers
|
are species with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement of the atoms in space
|
|
A chiral carbon
|
is a carbon atom attached to four different atoms or groups of atoms
|
|
Optical isomers (or enantiomers)
|
are stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other
|
|
Condensation
|
is a reaction in which two small molecules react together to form a larger molecule, with the elimination of a smaller molecule such as water
|
|
The repeat unit
|
is the specific arrangement of atoms that occurs in the structure over and over again.
|
|
A biodegradable polymer
|
is a polymer that breaks down completely into carbon dioxide and water
|
|
A degradable polymer
|
is a polymer that breaks down into smaller fragments when exposed to light, heat or moisture
|
|
Pharmacological activity
|
is the beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter
|
|
A phase
|
is a physically distinctive form of a substance, such as the solid, liquid and gaseous states of ordinary matter
|
|
The mobile phase
|
is the phase that moves in chromatography
|
|
The stationary phase
|
is the phase that does not move in chromatography
|
|
Adsorption
|
is the process by which a solid holds molecules of a gas or liquid or solute as a thin film on the surface of a solid or, more rarely, a liquid
|
|
A chromatogram
|
is a visible record showing the result of separation of the components of a mixture by chromatography
|
|
Rf = ?
|
distance moved by component
__________________________ distance moved by solvent front |
|
Retention time in gas chromatography
|
is the time for a component to pass from the column inlet to the detector
|
|
Chemical shift
|
δ, is a scale that compares the frequency of an NMR absorption with the frequency of the reference peak TMS at δ = 0 ppm.
|