World Music Final

Front 1

What are the instruments used in Japanese music?

Back 1

shakuhachi- flute
shamisen- banjoish
koto- plucked zither

Front 2

shamisen

Back 2

3 stringed banjo-like instrument

Front 3

What are the 7 characteristics of Japanese music?

Back 3

1. based on pentatonic scales
2. sense of space (silence enhances sound)
3. jo-ha-kyu (formal rhythmic concept)
4. heterophonic/monophonic
5. large variety of tone colors
6. flexibility of pulse
7. variation, not improv

Front 4

ma

Back 4

(japanese)
maximum effect from a deliberately restricted amount of material

Front 5

jo-ha-kyu

Back 5

(japanese)
a formal rhythmic concept. the pulse starts slow and speeds up a lot, coming down suddenly to end

Front 6

wabi-sabi

Back 6

the beauty of imperfection- things ought to be natural

Front 7

describe japanese scales

Back 7

pentatonic- 2 types
the "In" scale which has 1/2 steps
the "Yo" scale which has no 1/2 steps

Front 8

Gagaku

Back 8

Japanese
Orchestra for the emperor
silence is just as important as is sound

Front 9

In Japanese music______is just as important as is _____.

Back 9

silence; sound

Front 10

Describe Min Yo.

Back 10

Japanese folk music. uses shamisen (banjo) and voice.

Front 11

Describe Karaoke, by defining "enka"

Back 11

enka- sentimental, nostalgic variety of songs

Front 12

Taiko Drumming

Back 12

Japanese, only drums

Front 13

What are the characteristics of Chinese Teahouse Music (4)

Back 13

1. uses pentatonic scale
2. monophonic/heterophonic
3. variation/ornamentation not imprv
4. si zhu- silk and bamboo music

Front 14

si zhu



Jia Hua

Back 14

(chinese)
means silk and bamboo music



adding flowers--ornamentation

Front 15

Guqin

Back 15

Chinese zither
instrument of Confucius, and elite of society
7 strings

Front 16

Guqin pieces have a connection with ______, for example: ________

Back 16

nature; Wild Geese Descending onto the Sandbanks

Front 17

Describe the difference between Chinese and Japanese music.

Back 17

Both Chinese and Japanese music are relatively simple, but Chinese music doesn't have the same emphasis on empty space the Japanese music does- they always create something to listen to.

Front 18

Cosmology of the Guqin

Back 18

-3'6.5" long=365 days in year
-top soundboard is convex to represent heaven
-lower soundboard is flat = earth
-players lines up his heart w/ 5th stud= significance of "5" in Chinese thought

Front 19

Beijing Opera 4 character types

Back 19

sheng=male
dan=female
jing=painted face
chou=clown

Front 20

sheng

Back 20

male opera character

Front 21

dan

Back 21

female opera character

Front 22

jing

Back 22

painted face opera character

Front 23

chou

Back 23

clown opera character

Front 24

instruments in the Beijing Opera Orchestra

Back 24

jinghu- high violin
ban-clappers (2 sticks)
luo- cymbals

Front 25

Describe the Beijing opera

Back 25

-all movements highly stylized
-elaborate make-up and costumes
-no sets/props/lighting
-women used to be banned, men played their roles

Front 26

What instruments are used in Javanese gamelan music?

Back 26

metallophones (of all varieties, bronze=best)
round/slab gongs
drummer (conductor)
violin
zithers
flute (circular breathing)
singers

Front 27

Describe colotomic structure

Back 27

(javanese)
-instruments always play at certain divisions of the rhythmic cycle
-very cyclical, gongan=rhythmic cycle
-melody and elaboration
-16 beats=most common gongan
-very organized, like clockwork

Front 28

gongan

Back 28

rhythmic cycle in Javanese gamelan

Front 29

In Javanese gamelan music, the drums have ________ names

Back 29

onamotopeoic

Front 30

Name the gong types in Javanese gamelan.

Back 30

gong
kenong
kempul
kethuk
(kempyang)
gong suwakan

Front 31

describe the gong

Back 31

low rumble, always plays on the last beat

Front 32

ombak

Back 32

the fluctuation in sound of a gong (javanese gamelan)

Front 33

describe the kenong

Back 33

high, bell-like sound
sound= "nong"
plays on beats 4,8,12,16

Front 34

describe the kempul

Back 34

warm tone, no ombak (oscillation)
sound= "pul"
plays on beats 6/10/14

Front 35

describe the kethuk

Back 35

low, dull thud (triple stroke)
sound= "tuk"
plays on every other beat (odd numbered)

Front 36

describe the gong suwakan

Back 36

smaller version of gong, used for religious holidays

Front 37

loud playing style

Back 37

(Javanese)
-uses only metallophones and drum
-played at functions, not just for music's sake
-melody is simple and remains steady

Front 38

softer playing style

Back 38

(javanese)
-softer metallophones + violin, flute, zither, (voice)
-sounds heterophonic, but is called "stratified polyphony"

Front 39

stratified polyphony

Back 39

term used to describe the soft playing style of Javanese gamelan music

Front 40

What are the 2 scales used in Javanese gamelan music, and how are they different?

Back 40

1. slendro scale. 5 notes, equally spaced

2. pelog scale. 7 notes. unequally spaced

Front 41

slendro

Back 41

Javanese scale with 5 notes that are equally spaced

Front 42

pelog

Back 42

Javanese scale with 7 notes that are unequally spaced

Front 43

balungan

Back 43

Javanese, means melody

Front 44

Describe Gamelan yong Kebyar (hint: tuning)

Back 44

it has a throbbing shimmery sound obtained by playing in pairs, w/ one instrument tuned a tiny bit lower (also called "ombak")

Front 45

kebyar

Back 45

(balinese)
to burst open, sudden flair

Front 46

kotekan

Back 46

(balinese)
virtuostic, fast elaborations
-players share a melody by each playing 1/2 the notes and combining the parts into one steady stream

Front 47

kempli

Back 47

(balinese)
keeps the beat so the kotekan players can stay together

Front 48

cheng cheng

Back 48

(balinese)
many small cymbals joined together on a wood block (v. percussive)

Front 49

Describe the structure of balinese gamelan music.

Back 49

there are periods of stability (cyclical, elaborative) contrasting with periods of action (kebyar, random and sudden stops/starts)

Front 50

what does instrumental stratification mean, as applied to Balinese music?

Back 50

lowest instruments play the least; highest pitched instruments play the most

Front 51

Irama level

Back 51

(javanese)
the level of rhythmic density, relative to the balungan (basic melody)

Front 52

Dangdut

Back 52

Islamic pop music

Front 53

Gambus

Back 53

Islamic song

Front 54

Kroncong

Back 54

Portuguese-derived music

Front 55

Jaipongan

Back 55

Sundanese pop (from Western Java, strong drumming tradition)

Front 56

Chinese recordins

Back 56

Guqin and Beijing Opera

Front 57

japanese flute recording

Back 57

shakuhachi and shamisen, "Tsuru no sugomori"

Front 58

Japanese short song recording

Back 58

Kouta, "Hakusen No"

Front 59

Japanese folk song w/ shamisen recording

Back 59

Min yo folk song, "nikata-bushi"

Front 60

Japanese drumming recording

Back 60

taiko

Front 61

japanese karaoke recording

Back 61

enka song, "naite nagasaki"

Front 62

Javanese gamelan recording w/ loud playing style

Back 62

Burbaran "Kembang Pacar"

Front 63

Javanese shadow puppet theatre recording

Back 63

Playon "Lasem"

Front 64

Balinese gamelan recording

Back 64

gong kebyar "Kosalia Arini"

Front 65

Sundanese (Java) ethno-jazz fusion recording

Back 65

shuffledang-shuffleding!

Front 66

Zen Buddhism's connection

Back 66

it is the basis of much Japanese music. In shakuhachi music, the music is considered one of the many paths to enlightenment.
ex/ breathing is crucial (zen), heightened awareness, etc.