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173 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Birthrate
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The number of alive births per 1,000 people
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alive births
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Fertility Rate
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Average number of children a woman of child bearing age has in her life time
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number of children
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GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
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Total income of goods and services within a border in a specified time period
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within the border
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GNP (Gross National Product)
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Total value of goods and services produced by a country, but anywhere in the world, within a specified time period
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anywhere
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Illiteracy Rate
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Percentage of people who can't read that over over 15 years old
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can't read
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Infant Mortality Rate
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Number of deaths per 1,000 of children less than 1 year old
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baby deaths
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Per Capita Income
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Average amount of money per person in a country
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per person
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Mortality Rate
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Number of deaths per 1,000 people
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deaths
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Population Pyramd
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resent a quick picture of a country's population broken up into age and gender
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age and gender
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Rate of Natural Increase
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Population Growth Rate
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Growth
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Push Factors
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Factors that cause people to leave their homeland and migrate someplace else
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leave
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Pull Factors
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Factors that attract people to migrate to a certain place
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come
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Carrying Capacity
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Amount of a people a country can hold
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maximum population
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Infrastructure
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Support system needed to maintain an economy
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support system
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What are some factors of infrastructures?
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Power, communications, transportation, water, sanitation, and educational systems
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Prince
Charming Talked Weirdly So Erin Stared |
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In a developing countries, why is poverty widespread and what are some of the results of poverty?
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Why: Many people are unemployed or they work long hours, there is alot of manual labor,salaryis low (<1 dollar a day), and few jobs are available
Results: Malnourishment, little energy, and disease due to unsanitary conditions, pollutd water, and little healthcare |
diease and jobs
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Tell about agriculture in a developing country.
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Precent in farming economy: 50-80% (In the U.S., <2% are in the farming business)
Why/How: Simple Methods, handmade tools, animate energy (animals or people) Results: Poor, overused soil |
many people, easy, bad farming practices
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Subsistance Farming
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Growing just enough crops for your family to survive, and not for selling for profit
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Just Enough
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Tell about Rapid Population Growth in a developing country.
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-The population of developing countries make of 75% of the world's population
-Many Children work on farmand take care of parents -Free time is spent with the family -Poor health care means high mortality rate When healthcare improves, life expetancy increases, leading to over population |
High Birth rate, and improving health care
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What does over population lead to?
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Too many people for the amount of available resources
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resources
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Tell about capital (money not the government location) in developing countries
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2 Types:
-Human: Skills -Physical: Tools, machines, facorties, roads, harbors, communication= Infrastructure Imports are limited: Needed, but not enough money |
human and physical
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What is capital?
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Anything that produces wealth
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Money makers
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What are factors of industrialization and why are they needed?
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They include land, labor, capital, an infrastructure, and a stable government. They are needed to succed
Industrialization is needed for development, and it provides jobs and exports |
develoment, what a country needs
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What are Benefits to Industrialization in Latin America?
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New jobs, growing middle class (to decrease gap bwween the rich and the poor), Development of manufacturing centers, national pride
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Middle Class
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What are some challenges of development in Latin America?
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Pollution, Urban Squalor (crime increase), Foreign Debt because of money borrowed to start businesses and interest, neglection of agricultural exports, unemployment of rural workers
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Debt
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What does the population "pyramid" of a developing country look like? Why?
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A triangle or pyramid because of high birth rates an high death rates
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it's in the name :)
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What does the population "pyramid" of a transition country look like? Why?
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Like your body, because there is a small area like your waist in the middle,due to few babies and kids, many teens and young adults, few young-middle adults, many middle aged adults, and a decreasing amount of senior citizens. (birth rate has decreased, but there is still poor healthcare, so there is a high death rate)
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Waist... :)
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What does the population "pyramid" of a developed country look like? Why?
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A rectangle, with a triangle on top because the population is steady, but older people are dying of old age
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even
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What do population pyramids show?
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Age distribution for a nation and the percent of people of a certain gender at any given ae range
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age and gender
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How many countries are there is Latin America?
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37
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Soccer Jersey
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How many countries in Latin America are bigger than the U.S?
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None, but Brazil is the largest country is L. America
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There are NO hints for this one
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How much of Latin America is in the tropics?
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2/3 of it
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more than half
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Latin America is ______ the size of the U.S.
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Latin America is twice the size of the United States
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rhymes with mice
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What is the landscape like in Middle America?
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Many mountains, like the Sierra Madres, many volcanoes,
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starts with the same letter as the region (Middle America)
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What does "Sierra Madres" translate to in English?
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Mother Ranges
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Think of Sierra Mist
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What are the Caribbean Islands consisted of?
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Bahamas, Lesser Antilles, ad Greater Antilles. There are over 2000 peces of land; 20 of which are inhabitated
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3 Groups
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What mountain range is in South America?
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The Andes
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Mint Chocolate Candy
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How long are the Andes Mountains
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4,000 miles
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"Gonna Be" x 8
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What are the names of the plains in South America?
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The Llanos, Pampas, and Cerrado
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Similar to names of animals, a father's nickname, and a type of pepper
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What are the three rivers in South America?
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Amazon, Orinoco, Panama
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Kinda like "Speechless people buy online or in mor-oco"
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What are a few of the many resources in Latin America?
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Limes, Grapefruit, Coffee, Pineapple, Papaya, Bananas, Orange
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Pretty much any fruit
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What is one negative Human-
Environment Interaction in L. America? |
Slash-and-Burn: Destroys rain forests
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Suds in the Bucket
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What is one positive Human-
Environment interaction is L. America? |
Terraced farming: Growing Crops on Mountain Sides; look like stair steps
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I'm walking on mountains, not SUNSHINE, lol
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What is one positive result of Tourism?
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It brings in $
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Roll in the money...
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What are some negative results of tourism?
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Owners live elsewhere, but they still make desisions that help themselves, but could potentially make life more difficult for locals, profits are taken, tourism jobs don't have high salary
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Those greedy owners...
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List some exceptions for the generalization "Latin American Countries were colonized by Spanish"
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Brazil (Portugal), Belize, and Haiti (France), Bahamas
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Brooke
Bought Healthy Brownies |
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List some exceptions for the generalization "Latin American countries gained independence in the 1800's, and now are democratic"
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Cuba, Belize, and Jamaica
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Cassidy
Billed John |
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List some exceptions for the generalization "Latin American countries speak Spanish"
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Brazil, Jamaica, Haiti
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Ben
Has Jello |
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List some exceptions for the generalization "Latin American coutnries are ethnically diverse"
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Costa Rica, Paraguay
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CRAP
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List some exceptions for the generalization "Latin American countries' religion is Catholosism"
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Haiti, Jamaica, Belize
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John's
bruise healed |
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List some exceptions for the generalization "Latin American countries have high literacy rates"
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Haiti, Guatemala
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Hi,
Grandma! |
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List some exceptions for the generalization "Latin American countries have HUGE cities and high amounts of urbanization"
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Haiti, Guatemala
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Hi,
Grandma! (Again...) |
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List some exceptions for the generalization "Latin American countries are poor, and have a low per capita income level"
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Bahamas, Chile, Argentina
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British
Accents-- COOL |
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Monroe Doctrine
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1823; Declared that Latin Ameria is within the U.S.'s "Sphere of Influence" which demands no further colonzation in the western hemisphere
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sphere of influence
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U.S. vs. Mexico
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1846; U.S. wins and gains control of the territories that are present-day Texas and California
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Territory Gained
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Spanish-American War
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1898; U.S. delcarees war on Spain, annexes Guam, Puerto Rico, The Philippeans, and Hawaii. Afterwards, U.S. occupies Cuba
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annex
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U.S. Forces in Cuba
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1901; U.S. Maintain control of the Military base, Guantanamo Bay
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military
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Panama Gains Independence
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1903; Freed from Colombia; allowed U.S. to Build the Panama Canal
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Canal
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Roosevelt Corollary
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1905; supports monroe doctrine; declares the U.S. to be the "Police Force" of the W. Hemisphere to protect Latin America from European Invasion
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Monroe Doctrine
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U.S. Invades Nicaragua
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U.S. occupied nicaragua for 20 years to "protect its economic interests" until 1933 when the U.S. left and put Dictator Somoza in control
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20 somoa cookies
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CIA Organizes Coup in Guatemala
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1954; CIA overtrew democratically elected government which cuased almost 40 years of violence and appression to follow
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overthrowing
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Bay of Pigs Invasion
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1961; CIA trained Cuba exiles to invade cuba, but they are defeated
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exiles trained
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Cuban Missle Crisis
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1962; Cubans turned to the USSR for defense and the USSR and U.S. were pushed to the brink of war. Cuba was installing and aiming soviet made missles at the U.S. A U.S. blockade of the isalnd and careul negotitions prevented a nuclear war
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Teamork between communist countries
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Troops sent to the Dominican Republic
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1965; The U.S. restored order following an uprising against the military dictator
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apology
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U.S. Backed Coup of Chile
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1973; CIa organized coup of elected leader. This ushers in dictator General Pinochet
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dictator
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Contras vs. Sandinista Government in Nicaragua
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1981; President Reagan supports communist sandinista leadership using questionable means
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communism
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U.S. Invades Grenada
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1983; Under fear of communism, the U.S. is sent to overthrow popular government
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hello mother, hello father, fleas,ticks, mesquitos, really bother
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U.S. Invades Panama
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1989; U.S. arrests accused drug dealer and lead, Manuel Noriega
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drugs
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War on Drugs
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2000; U.S.aunches a massive civil and military aid program for Colombia which has one of the worst human rights records in the hemisphere
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Colombia
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U.S. Supports funds on unsuccessful coup in Venezuela
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2002; the goal was to overthrow president Hugo Chavez fearing his alliance with Cuba and Castro
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Cuba
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U.S. and French forces assist remain Haiti President Aristide to exile
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2004; Aristide believes the U.S. secretly investigated the coup. U.N. sent troops to help with civil unrest
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spying
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Castro Hands over Duties
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2006; due to illness and surgeries, the 80 year old handed over power to his brother Raul Castro, who was his first VP
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oh... what a nice gift
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Chile elects first female leader
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2006; Socialist Michelle Bachelet is elected president. In june of 2007, the government agreed to pay compensation to some of the families of victims of Pinochet' rule
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socialist; victim compensation
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What major problems is Colombia facing?
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Drugs and crimes, like kinappings, assasinations, extortion, threats, robbery, and corruption
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crime
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Describe the evolution and production of the coca plant in colombia
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A german dicovered it in the mid-100's; was used in medicines and soff drinks; became illegal in the U.S. in the early 1900's. First, you transport leaves rom the rain forest to hidden sheds (so you won't get caught), and then you make it into coca paste. Dealers take paste to regional center and it's shipped to North America and Europe
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Production of Cocaine
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Why is coca an appealing cash crop to poor farmers?
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It's easy to plant and it's in a high demand so you can sell it for a descent amount of money
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high demand
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What is happening as result of government effots to destroy coca crops
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Political tension between the U.S. and Colombia
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disputes
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What do many farmers see as the only possible solution to the U.S.-Colombian plan to destroy the coca industry
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A Physical battle/war
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violence
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What changes in population is Cubaexpected to ee in the next 30 years?
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Fewer kids and young adults and more senior citizens
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low birth rate
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What types of problems will the new population trend cause for Cuba?
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Health costs will increase, the labor force will decrease, social tension could rise, and the living standard will drop
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anything that older people can or can't do
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Besides a higher life expectancy, wat else is contrubuting to the change in population? Why has this happened?
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A low birth rate, because the collapse of the soviet union cause cuba's economy to tailspin, so families can't support many children
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collapse of the soviet union
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Descrive life as a senior citizen in cuba.
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Wake up, eat breakfast, bathe, eat lunch, nap, eat dinner, relax, go to bed
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laziness
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How do the elderly in Cuba explain their exteded life expenctancy?
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Cuban healthcare, nature, and taking care of themselves
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what you would expect
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How does Castro compare to the general population of Cuba?
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he's slightly older than the age of the average life expectancy and is above 60, ike 14% of Cuba's population
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in line
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What is the latest controversial porgram that Hugo Chavez has initiated in his country that has split the citizens of his nation?
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A land reform program allowing under used ranches to be seized by the state
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ranches
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How did Hugo Chavez gain leadership of Venezuela
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He was a leader of a failed coup in 1992 and embarked on a political career that started in 1998
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old coup leader
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List some of the controversial foreign policy decisions Chavez has made.
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He embraced Islam, and Latin America is primarily Catholic, and Iran is backing Venezuela for UN Council
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religion and the UN
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What is the name of the summit held in Cuba last year?
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the Non-Alignment Movement
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not parallel
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Why do you think Chavez has chosen to ally his country with Iran?
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They are both Anti-United States and they have similar views and common interests
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opposites, in this case, DON'T attract
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Explain some of the deals Chavez and Ahmadnejad made between their two nations
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Making a car plant to make affordable family cars, joint (Iran-Venezuela) petro-chemical and steel company for petroleum exploration
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GAS makes CARS go
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What are characteristics of a Stage One country?
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-High birth rate to create a labor force for subsistance farming
-High death rate due to poor health care and difficult living conditions -Stable Population -Developing Country -Low GNP, literacy rate, and little infrastructure -Primary Industry |
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What are characteristics of a stage two country?
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-High birth rate for tradition and labor force
-Low death rate due to increasing healthcare and sanitation -Rapidly growing population -Transitional country -rising GNP, beginning uran migrtioin, improved infrastructure, Healthcare, and literacy rate -Primary and secondary industries |
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What are characteristics of a stage 3 country?
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-Low birth rate (Urban setting provides entertainment, higher lving standards, and less need or work force and smaller families are accepted)
-Low death rate due to good healthcare, good sanitation, and good living conditions -Slowly increasing population -High transitional country -high urban migration, high life expectancy, industrialization, increasing technology -primary, secondary, and tertiary industries |
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What are characteristics of a stage 4 country?
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-Low birthrate because there is less room in urban areas, smaller families are accepted,high living standards
-Low death rate due to excellent healthcare and facilities for the elderly -slowly increasing ppulation or negative population growth -developed country high urban population, high GNP, high literacy rate, telecommunications, advanced infrastructure -secondary, tertiary, and quadranary industries |
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What is DR-CAFTA?
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The Dominican Republic-Central American Free Trade Associaton;provides equality between the countries that belong to it
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What countries belong to NAFTA?
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All North American countries (Canada, U.S., and Mexico)
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Who currently belongs to DR-CAFTA?
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The United STates, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua
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What is the purpose of free trade agreements?
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To provide equality to countries that belong to it when they trade between each other
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What do such agreements do to achieve this end?
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Strengthen rules/regulations of trade, elimate tariffs and subsides, increase market accss
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When did DR-CAFTA come into effect in the United States?
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August 2, 2005
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Both of these treaties are seen as stepping stones on the way to what?
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larger free trade zones within the Americas
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Why did large transitional countries support NAFTA?
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Lower tariffs would mean an increase in profits
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Who opposed NAFTA and why?
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Mexican farmers because it would make American agricultural products cheaper
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Who have been the winners and losers as a result of NAFTA?
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Winners: Larger corperations and the wealthy
Losers: Small businesses, individuals, and Mexican farm owners |
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Angel Falls
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-Tallest waterfall in the world
-312 ft. tall (16x taller than Niagra Falls) -Discovered in 1933, and named for James Angel, an American Adventurer who discovered it |
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Anacondas
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-Largest Snake
-Adults re 15-30 ft. long -Give birth to live young |
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The Amazon
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-"lungs of the World"
-Largest river and area of continuous vegtation in the world -recieves 50-175 inces of rain per year home to 1500 species of birds, 3000+fish, and 30 million insects |
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Piranhas
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-small, meat-eating fish that rarely attack humans
-Natives use their teeth to sharpe arrows -still bite out of the water for several minerals |
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Machu Picchu
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-Lost City of the Incas
-built in 1400s and abandoned in 1535 -rediscovered in 1911 by American explorer Hiram Bingham |
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Christ the Redeemer Statue
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-Gift rom france to commemorate 100th anniversary of Brazil's independence
-Completed in 1931, it sits on corcovado hill overlooking Rio de Janeiro -38 meters tall |
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Coffee
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-Starts off as a red berry
-Producers: -Brazil: 25% -Colombia: 12.5% |
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Galapagos Islands
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-15 volcanic islands about 60 miles away from Ecuador
-Darwin developed his theory of evolution after studying these islands in 1835 -Population: 10,000 people -Home to the Galapagos giant turtle- 150 yrs, 200lbs |
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Nazca Lines
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-Huge mysterious line drawings on mountains of Peru, drawn by the Nazca people from 600-200 BC
-Some were made by removing dirt/stone |
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La Paz
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-Highest elevation in the world: 12,000 ft above sea level
-Founded in 1548 by Captain Alonso de Mendoza -Became executive and legislative capital of Bolivia in 1898 |
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Stone Faces
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-Located on the Easter Islands, which are 2,300 miles away from Chile, they cover 47 sq. miles
-annexed by Chile in 1888 -600 stone faces, 11-40 ft. tall, 85 tons |
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Emeralds
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-Colombia has 90% of the world's supply of natural emeralds
-Believed to increase intelligence, protect marriages, ease childbirth, and predict events -Laregest Emerald: Mogul Diamond, about 218 carats, discovered in in 1695 in colombia by Spanish conquistador |
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Carnival
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-Celebration before 40 days of lent
-National holiday in Brazil; parades last many days -Cities have sambas, which re free dance school available to anyone -Costumes can weih as much as 150 lbs. |
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Cultural Hearth
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A place from which important ideas spread; usually a culture origin place
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Who built civilizations that stretched from Mexico into Northern Central America?
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The Mayans
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When did the Myans flee their cities'?
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In the 800's, AD
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What city was the center of the Myan civilization? What present day country is it in?
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Tikal; Guatemala
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When did the Spanish stop ruling Central America?
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During the 19th century
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When did Mexico declare independence from spain?
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1821
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When did Central AMerica Declare independence from Spain? What did they call themselves?
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1823; United Provinces of Central America
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By the late-1800's what countries did the united providences split up into?
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El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Honduras. Later, Panama broke off from Colombia and elize broke away from British Honduras
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Why did the work force in the Caribbean depend on work by African slaves?
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The natives died from disease, so the Spaniards brought in slaves to replace the Taino work force. Therefore, the African culture has some influence on the culture of the Caribbean
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What is another name for the caribbean, given by Columbus?
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The East Indies
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During the 19th century, what countries claimed caribbean islands?
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Spain, France, Great Britain, Neterland, and Denmark
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Where was the first independence movement in Latin America?
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Haiti, a French coony with a sugar industry
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During the 1790's, who led a slave rebellion in Haiti and took over the government?
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Toussain L'Ouverture
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When did Haiti become Independent?
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1804
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When did Cuba gain independence from Spain>
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In 1898, as a result of the Spanish-American war and they wee self-governing 4 years later
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When did Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago gain independence from Britain?
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1962
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What are the 2 main cultures of Central America?
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Spanish and Native American
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What is the main language? Religion?
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Language: Spanish
Religion: Catholosism, but some are Protestant missionaries |
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Most people from the caribbean are of what desent?
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European, African, or mixed ancestry
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Santaria
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Mix of African voodoo and cathlosism
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Rastafarianism
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Religious and political movement based in Jamaica
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What is Cuba's Population? The Dominican Republic's?
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11 million; 8.5 million
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What colony speaks English? French?
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Jamaica; Haiti
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What is the largest export of the caribbean? What are other main exports?
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sugar cane; bananas, citrus, coffee, and spices
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What is the main source of income for the caribbean?
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Commercial farming
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Why was the Panama canal built?
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For faster, easier trade between the atlantic and pacific
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What are the two types of music in the caribbean?
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Calypso: Mix of African, Spanish, and caribbean; played with steel drums, guitar, and improvised lyrics
Raggae: jamaican; deals with social conerns and religion |
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What are some jobs available in the tourism industry?
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hotel workers, restaurant employees, tour guides, and trip/activity guides
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Informal Economy
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Jobs outside of channels that provide to insurane benefits and are low paying. Example: Babysitting
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When was the Inca empire attacked? Who led the attacks?
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1500's;Francisco Pizarro, and he executed the Incan emporer
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What are the countries in South America?
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Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador, Guyana, French Guiana, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Colombia
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Where did the Inca culture arise?
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In the Andes mountains in peru
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What was the Inca capital?
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Cuzco, Peru
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Why did the spanish want to capture the Inca empire/territory?
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It had gold and silver
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Where did the Spanish force native to work?
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On ranches, farms, and mines
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Where did the Spaish force the Incas to move to? What else did they force upon them
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fromvilages to plantations; language and religion
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Quechua
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Inca Language
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When did S. Americafight for their independence?
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In the early 1800's afterbeing inspired by the American and French Revolutions
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Who led the fights for indepedence (2 people)?
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-Simon Bolivar: Colombia, venezuela, ecuador,and bolivia
-Jose de San Martin: Argentina, Chile, and peru |
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Which countries were freed first? Why?
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Argetina and Chile becausethey ere the furthest away from Liima, Peru, the center of spanish control
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Which areas had a high population?
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Areas along the coast
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Authoritarian Rule
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Stresses obedience to authority over individual freedom. It delayed to development of democracy
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Oligarchy
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government ruled by a few/small group
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What were the main forms of government since they won their independene from Spain?
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Military rule and oligarchy
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Cultural Mosaic
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A number of societies with diferent cultures living near each other, but not mxing
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Why are South Amrican countries culturally complex
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because the region's iscolation by mountains and rain forests separate people from each other
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Who won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1982?
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Gabriel Garcia Marquez of Colombia. He wrote One hundred year of solitude in 1967 and the General in 1989 about Simon Bolivar
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What are common types of music in south america?
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Pop and Folk, and lots of street music. Classical music and symphonies are important too
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What instruments to musicians play in SA?
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drums, guitars, marimbas, maracas, and flutes
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What music elements are combined into an Argentinian Tango?
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African, Indian, and European
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What are some types of crafts made in South America?
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Pottery, textiles, glasswork, and metalwork. They are decorated with folk art or Indian religious symbols
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What do they make their crafts out of?
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Available natural resources like wool
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What is most of South America's economy based off of?
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agriculture, oil mining, and mineral mining
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What is one result of failure to develop economically ater gaining independence?
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HUGE income gap between the rich and the poor
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What two geographical landforms iscolate society
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mountains and rain forests
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What can geographical problems lead to?
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no cooperation between countries, crowding in certain areas, and political instability and underdevelopment
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