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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Who proposed the working memory model?
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Baddeley & Hitch
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What does the working memory model believe?
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It believes the STM is more active & complex than the MSM suggests E.G - STM can complete 2 different tasks at the same time. |
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What are the 4 interconnected & interactive components of the Working Memory Model?
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1. Central Executive 2. The Phonological Loop 3. The Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad 4. Episodic Buffer |
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Info about the Central Executive
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- Main part of WMM = controls other 'slave' components - Decides which component is required for the task. - Has limited to no storage & each sense is coded differently. - Decides what WM pays attention. -May have to handle more than one task at once by deciding which task is most important & should be handled first. |
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Info about the Phonological Loop
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- Codes info acoustically - Auditory info is repeated in the loop to prevent decays. Primary Acoustic Store -Speech Perception - Receives auditory info & holds it for approx. 1-2 seconds. - Info decays rapidly - Remember sounds in the order that they were represented - inner ear Articulatory Process - Speech production - Used to rehearse & store sounds and speech - capacity = 2 seconds' worth of what you can say. |
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Info about Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad |
- Codes & rehearse info through visualising mental pictures. - Has a limited capacity = 3-4 objects (Baddeley) - Logie suggests sub-dividing store into: a visual cache (stores visual material about form & colour) and inner scribe (spatial relationships). - Rehearses & transfers info in the VC to the CE. |
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Info about the Episodic Buffer
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- Dedicated to coding info across the different slave systems. - Brings together different type of info from other components - Temporary storage system w/ limited capacity of about 4 chunks of info. - Assumed to have links to the LTM - allows for the 2 way communication between WMM & LTM. |
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Strength of Working Memory: Research Support form Dual Task Studies
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- Baddeley & Hitch used lab investigations to show that we can easily do 2 different tasks that occupy different stores. - Found when pp's were asked to complete a verbal task in the Articulatory Process & separate task in CE = recall was not affected. - When same pp's were asked to complete 2 similar tasks = recall on the first task is affected - Suggests there must be separate stores within the STM & must have a limited capacity. |
- Baddeley and Hitch used what type of experiment to show what? - What did they find with use of different stores, in terms of recall? - What did they find when using similar stores, in terms of recall? - What does this suggest?
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Strength of Working Memory: PET scans can Provide Physiological Evidence of Different Components Specialising in Particular Tasks
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- Cohen et al found that brain activity was higher in part of the brain known as Broca's area when pp's were completing verbal tasks - Regions of Occipital Lobe are activated when pp's complete a task using the Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad. - Supports WMM of there being different stores being responsible for different STM tasks. Improves validity because evidence is objective |
- Cohen et al - Broca's area = verbal task - Occipital lobe for what kind of task? - How does this support the WMM?
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Limitation of Working Memory: The Central Executive is Oversimplified
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- Not enough detail about how CE actually controls the entire WM or how it works - Obvious there is an interaction between components in WM when performing tasks but not clear how it happens in real life memory. - Case study of EVR supports this. - After tumour removed, patient performed well on tests requiring reasoning which suggested CE was intact. - However, had poor decision making skill - suggesting CE =damaged -Several components to CE. |
- Not enough detail about what? - It is obvious there is an interaction between... - Case study -EVR - Patient performed well on what type of tests and what did this suggest. - However, he had poor... & what does this suggest? |
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Limitation of Working Memory: WMM doesn't account for all types of memory.
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-Berz criticised model for failing to account for musical memory. - We are able to listen to instrumental music w/out impairing performance on other acoustic tasks. - Listening to this should occupy the Primary Acoustic Store's limited capacity, making it difficult to carryout other acoustic tasks - not the case. - Suggests WMM doesn't give complete picture of how different types of memory are processed. |
- Berz criticised model for what? - We are able to listen to instrumental music w/out... - What should happen when listening to instrumental music? - Complete picture? |
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Difference between MSM & WM
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Processing Info MSM= passive WM= active No. of Components MSM = 1 WM= multi-component structure Order Info Passes in MSM= fixed order WM = interchanges between components - no fixed order Encoding MSM = STM is acoustic WM = STM is acoustic & visual |
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