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106 Cards in this Set
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Socialist
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ideology of socialism, stressing cooperation, community, and public ownership of the means of production. Felt that the common ppl were missing out on the power and wealth generated by the industrial revolution.
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Utopian Socialist
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thought society should be based on cooperation rather than competitive individualism and that property should be owned communally
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Henri de Saint Simon
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"father of socialist" inspired by new technology and science. Believed that the govt should be ran by the experts and advocated a new form of Christianity.
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Charles Fourier
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french man with middle class roots. drew the blueprint for "phanlansteries". did away with economic competition bc he felt that poverty was the source of evil also believed in "free love"
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Phalansteries
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communal apartment houses that Charles Fourier thought that people should idealistically live in
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Robert Owen
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raised wages, improved working conditions, abolished child labor, provided rec facilities, established sickness and old age insurance
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New Lanark, Scotland
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a mill village in Scotland that was ideal place bc there were schools, no child labor, daycare center, adult ed classes, public recreation, really good liquor even though it was the prohibition
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New Harmony, Indiana
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one of the several towns in the US that loosened the bounds of marriage to create greater sexual freedom for women and men
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Flora Tristan
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most famous woman that was influenced by Fourier's ideas of linking socialist demand with calls for the emancipations of women. She fought back after her husband was automatically awarded custody of their children after their divorce
*created Worker's Union* |
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Worker's Union
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created by Flora Tristan. They argued the equality btw women and men could free the whole working class and transform civilization
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Karl Marx
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exiled from Germany for his attacks on censorship and economic views. then later exiled from France bc of his revolutionary socialist ideas. Collaborated with his friend Friedrich Engels in writing "The Communist Manifesto"
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"The Communist Manifesto"
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contained the fundamentals of what Marx called "scientific socialism"
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1801 Act of Union
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Britain formally absorbed Ireland into the United Kingdom
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Catholic Emancipation Act
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1869... allowed Roman Catholics to become members of Parliament.
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Lord Byron
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(well known romantic poet)Came to Greece to contribute to the cause. he brought money and enlisted in a regiment and then died from malaria
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Eugene Delacroix
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captures Greece’s struggle for independence
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Who intervened in the Greek Revolt?
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Britain, France, and Russia
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What did the intervention of the 3 countries do?
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secure Greek independence
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What did the Greek revolt reveal?
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revealed the strength of nationalistic movements and the power of liberal and romantic ideals to fuel these movements
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problems in the late 1840's
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poor harvests drove up the food prices and brought famine, financial crisis, undermined markets for manufactured goods, business failure, thousands of unemployed ppl
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Francois Guizot
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chief minister
-moderately liberal historian oppoeses any further extension of the suffrage |
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political banquets
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were held to rally support for widening the right to vote. One was held in Honor of George Washington’s Birthday
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national guard
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“the king’s citizen militia” took the rebel’s side and both Louis Philippe and Guizot went into exile
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Alphonse de Lamartine
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well dressed liberal and romantic poet who proclaimed the 2nd Republic and set up the provisional govt
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Second Republic
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was republican in sentiment but it had only one prominent radical leader, Louis Blanc
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Louis Blanc
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radical leader of the 2nd republic and set up the national workshops
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National Workshops
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proposed by Louis Blanc later led to the town losing LOTS of money and then eventually republicans and monarchists are back into office
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Ferdinand I
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Habsburg emperor abolished the country’s most repressive laws, ended serfdom, and promised constitutional reform
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Magyars
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led by Louis Kossuth rose and demanded national autonomy from Austria
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Louis Kossuth
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led the Magyars
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Czechs/Bohemia/Prague
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the Czechs followed suit in Bohemia and called for a Pan-Slavic congress to meet at Prague
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Lombardy and Venetia
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Austria's italian provinces; , the rebellious populace drove the Austrian forces into defensive fortresses and declared their independence.
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Fredrick William IV
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ruler of Prussia, granted some reforms and promised a liberal constitution
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3 questions to the Frankfurt Assembly
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1. different language countries would be included or not
2. non-german ethnic groups living in german areas 3. who should lead the new nation |
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Nicholas I
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Tsar of Russia
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Louis Napolean Bonaparte
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promised something for everybody. was in office 3 years. destroyed the republic in 1851 by taking power for himself in coup
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"no crown from the gutter"
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Frederick William IV rejected the crown
-blasted the Frankfurt Assembly's hopes for a united Germany |
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Pope Pius IX
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summarized the views of angry conservatives
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What ended the Crimean War?
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The Paris Peace Conference in 1856
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What ended the Crimean War?
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The Paris Peace Conference in 1856
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Count Camillo di Cavour
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born to a noble family in Piedmont-Sardinia. Founded the newspaper II Risorgimento (The Resurgence) was made minister of commerce & agriculture and 2 years later, the prime minister. Lowered tariffs, built railroads, and balanced Piedmont’s budget. Also supported Italian National Society and Feminine Committee. Employed diplomacy and army gained international support against Austria
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ii Risorgimento
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"The Resurgence" argued for a unified Italy
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King Victor Emanuel II
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made Cavour his minister of commerce & agriculture and 2 years later the prime minister
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Piedmont
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Cavour wanted to economically modernize Piedmont
-make Piedmont the central engine of the drive for national unification |
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Lombardy and Venetia
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France would help Piedmont drive the Austrians out of these 2 places and then annexed to Piedmont
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Savoy and Nice
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small French speaking provinces that were ceded by piedmont to france to allow a kingdom of Central Italy to be created for Napolean’s cousin
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Diuseppe Garibaldi
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nationalist who organized ppl, conducted campaigns of guerrilla warfare, and leading insurrections
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Red Shirts
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volunteer soldiers marched in rough formation and conquered Italian states
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Kingdom of Italy
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formally declared in March 1861 with Victor Emmanuel II as monarch and the Piedmontese Constitution of 1848 as national charter. The king and elected parliamentary govt would rule.
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William I
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Prussia’s new king and his military advisors proposed to double the size of the army the liberals defeated the measure
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Otto von Bismarck
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assumed the office of prime minister of Prussia in 1862, pursed a policy of realism “Realpolitik” to achieve his goals
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Schleswig and Holstein
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small provinces lying btw Prussia and Denmark and were to be jointly ruled by Prussia and Austria. This was going to lead to future problems
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Austro-Prussian War
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Bismarck stirred up trouble and provoked Austria to declare war on Prussia.
-lasted 7 weeks -Austria had 4 times more deaths than Prussia |
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EMS telegraph
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was btw French ambassador and the Prussian king. Bismarck edited the telegraph and published it to the world. Made French declare war.
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Second Reich
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powerful nation included a large and rapidly growing population, vibrant industrial economy, and a feared military
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American Slavery
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was the way that ppl viewed their wealth
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Abraham Lincoln
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1858 declared that you can't have half free and half slave owned government. 2 years before he was elected president
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William Lyon Mackenzie
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nationalist politician that wanted the Canadians to become free from British power.
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British North American Act
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1867 united Canada into a single nation with its own constitution
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Francis Joseph- Emperor of Austria
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Under pressure from liberals and nationalists, he agreed to a moderate decentralization of the empire and the creation of a parliament
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compromise of 1867
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set up the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary
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Dual Monarchy
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each country had its own separate parliament but the 2 are united under a common ruler, the head of the House of Habsburg
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French Second Republic
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Napolean was originally elected the president in 1848
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Napolean III
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originally elected president of the French Second Republic, but the National Assembly refused to change the constitution so that he could run for a 2nd term and Napolean formed a coup and seized power Dec 2, 1851
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Georges Haussmann
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rebuilt Paris into an envied model of a modern, wealthy, powerful capital
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Emperor Maximilian
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Habsburg Prince that was set up as a puppet emperor for France
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Tsar Alexander II
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made similiar appeals as Napolean III as an effort to overcome the country's trouble
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Crimean War
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war btw Russia and Ottoman Turks; Russia wanted territory from the Ottoman empire, shipping access to the world for the Black Sea through the Turkish Strait, gain influence in the Near East.
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Florence Nightingale
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"Lady with the Lamp" lead a team of 38 nurses to Turkey. A head nurse during the Crimean War
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"Great Reforms"
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ideas of tsar Alexander II, freed Russia's 22 million serfs and 25 million state owned peasants
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Zemstva
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local political assemblies with elected officials.
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American Slavery
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was the way that ppl viewed their wealth
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What did Charles X do?
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dissolve the chamber of deputies
censored the press tooke away voting rights destroyed the charter of 1814 issued the July Ordinances |
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Who issued the July Ordinances?
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Charles X
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July Revolution "3 Glorious Days"
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ppl of paris threw up barricades and rebelled what Charles X did and put up revolution flag
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Louis-Philippe
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relative of Charles X to become king. more laid back and his reign was known as the "July Monarchy"
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poland
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appeared to be the most liberal nation in Europe with a constitution that preserved many rights. nationalism began to bubble
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Who dominated Italian states?
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Austria
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Carbonari
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secret socieites formed "Charcoal burners" and they were middle class educated men and hated Austria and wanted a unified Italy
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Describe Carbonari rebellion
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briefly siezed control of several Italian States but they wanted the help of France but they didn't get it and Metternich shut down the operation
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What is 1848 known as?
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"year of decision"
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What does Enrichiessevous mean?
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make yourself rich
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What was important to the Congress of Vienna?
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stability and balance of power
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political banquets
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govt forbid political groups to meet so they decided to have banquets to discuss the things that they one. One day the Paris ppl revolted and Louis Philipe left town and then a provisional government was formed
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Louis Blanc
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set up provisional government
-national workshops but they almost bankrupted the entire city so they had to stop |
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June Days
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was a protest that began because of the closing of the national workshops.
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What was the biggest outcome of the June Days
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the 2nd Republic of France the constitution was adopted in nov and the election was in dec
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Who was the president of the 2nd republic of France?
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Charles Louis Napolean Bonaparte
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What were the 4 things that occurred in France in order?
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-revolution
-national workshops -june days -constitution |
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Who founded Young Italy?
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Giuseppe Mazzini
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What were the 3 plans of unification of Italy?
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rally around piedmont
religion- went to the pope Young Italy set up secret group of men under 40 who were raised with romantic views |
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Who was the only country to come out of the revolution unarmed?
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Piedmont
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Who came together to write a constitution for the Prussians?
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Frankfurt Assembly
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Frankfurt assembly
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a gathering of intellectuals produced a constitution that was never used.
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Who was the emperor of Prussia?
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Fredrick William IV
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Fredrick William IV
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was pressured into agreeing to help them unify bc they brought a body to the palace
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Who disguised themself and fled to england?
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Metternich
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Who revoked the Ferdinand's problems and took over the throne?
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Francis Joseph I
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Nicholas I
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was called on by Francis Joseph I as help to subdue the Austrian rebels
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Who wrote League of Nations?
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Adam Smith
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Henri de Saint Simon
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"father of socialist" was inspired by new technology and science and advocated a new form of Christianity
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Who had a valet that said: "You have great things to do today"
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Henri de Saint Simon
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"hand of greed"
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keeps ppl from getting things bc they dont appreciate what they have before trying to get more
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Who believed in free love and in an ideal community?
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Charles Fourier
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Who wrote Organization of Labor?
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Louis Blanc
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Karl Marx
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german, was an atheist and that kept him from getting a teaching job, got a doctorate in philosophy and fled to paris
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