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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the major function of cartilage? |
1. Supports soft tissues (Trachea, Larynx) 2. Shock Absorber (Vertebral Disks) 3. Low Friction Surface (Articular Surfaces) 4. Model of Skeleton (Endochondral Bone Formation) |
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What are the three types of cartilage? |
1. Hyaline Cartilage 2. Elastic Cartilage 3. Fibrocartilage |
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What is the difference between cartilage and CT proper? |
1. Cartilage is Avascular 2. Only Chondrocytes are Present 3. Type II Collagen is Present (Distinctive feature of cartilage) |
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Cartilage and Mesenchymal Stem Cells |
Cartilage is derived from mesenchymal stem cells (Pluripotent Stem Cells which differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, and adipocytes) |
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Collagen Review |
Type 1: Helix of 3 α Chains, every third residue is a glycine (90% of Collagen in Body) ***Collagen is abundant and is 30% of protein in the body. 1. Fibrils=Aggregation of Collagen (I, II, and III) 2. Fibers= Aggregation of Fibrils (I, III) *Type II remain as fibrils only |
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Amino Acid Hydroxylation, Vitamin C, and Scurvey |
1. Collagen is repeating GXZ trimer where X is proline, Z is hydroxy proline or hyroxylysine. 2. 4-Hydroxyproline essential for collagen Structure 3. Insufficient vitamin C leads to scurvey (used to catalyze the redox reaction) |
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Type II Collagen and Proteoglycans in Hyaline Cartilage |
1. Massive proteoglycan aggregates bind large amount of water and ions giving matrix a high tensile strength and resiliency. |
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Hyaline Cartilage |
1. Most Widely Distributed Cartilage 2. Two Locations/Types: Permanent and Transient 3. Composition= Type II Collagen Small fibrils, does not form large fibers. Glassy look and strong smooth surface |
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Permanent Hyaline Cartilage |
Found in: 1. Walls of large respiratory passages (trachea and bronchi) 2. Larynx 3. Articular Surfaces of Bones 4. Ventral Ends of Ribs |
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Transient Hyaline Cartilage |
1. Used to model the skeleton before ossification 2. At Epiphyseal Growth Plate |
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Hyaline Cartilage Matrix |
1. Proteoglycan Aggregates (Aggrecan) 2. Bound Water (75-80% Wet Weight) 3. Type II Collagen Fibrils (40-70% dry weight) 4. Chondronectin attached to extracellular matrix 5. Chrondrocytes turnover and replace matrix: Proteoglycan in weeks, and collagen fibrils over years. |
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Perichondrium |
Permanent Hyaline Cartilage is surrounded by perichondrium except for the articular cartilage. 1. Perichondrium is Type I Collagen Fibers 2. Source of Chondrogenic Cells and Chondroblasts 3. Vascular perichondrium supplies nutrients and wastes out from chondrocytes in the cartilage. |
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Cells of the Extracellular Matrix |
1. Chondrogenic Cells and Chondroblasts (Perichondrium) secrete ECM. 2. Chondrocytes: when chondroblast enters hyaline cartilage proper it is now a chondrocyte. Reside in cavities called lacunae |
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Territorial and Interterritorial Matrix |
1. Territorial matrix= Rich in GAGs and Stains Darker. Immediatley surrounds chondrocytes 2. Interterritorial Matrix= Lighter staining areas with different ECM composition 3. Septum= Thin band of territorial matrix which separates cells of an isogenous group. |
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Two Types of Hyaline Cartilage Growth |
1. Appositional Growth: Chondroblasts in perichondrium differentiate into chondrocytes, start producing Matrix, and add to existing cartilage 2. Interstitial Growth: Proliferation and hypertrophy of existing chondrocytes |
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Articular Hyaline Cartilage |
1. Permanent cartilage without a perichondrium. |
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Cartilage Repair |
1. Permanent hyaline cartilage does not repair quickly. 2. Perichondrium can supply chondroblasts 3. Articular cartilage lacks a perichondrium, resident chondrocytes serve as progenitors. |
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Elastic Cartilage |
Matrix Contains Elastic Fibers 1. Located: Auricle of Ear, Eustachian Tubes, Epiglottis, and Larynx 2. More cells/matrix than hyaline 3. Isogenous groups have only two cells |
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Fibrocartilage |
Matrix Contains Type I and Type II Collagen Fibers 1. Very little ground substance, mostly fibers, losts of type I and type II collagen. 2. No perichondrium, firbrocartilage merges with adjacent tissues. 3. Located at pubic symphysis and intervertebral disks. |
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Fibrocartilage and Pubic Sympysis |
1. Normally very little movement to this joint. 2. In women, it loosens and becomes more flexible allowing the gap to increase preparatory for labor at the end of a pregnancy. |
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Intervertebral Disks and Fibrocartilage |
1. Nucleus pulposus is liquid form of fibrocartilage. 2. Has more proteoglycans and water than in the annulus fibrosus |
