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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Trypanosoma cruzi
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definitive host: human
intermediate host/vector: kissing bug stercorarian causes Chaga's disease |
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African trypanosomes
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definitive host: human
intermediate host/vector: Tsetse fly salivarian casues African sleeping sickness |
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Trypanosoma equiperdum
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definitive host: horse
intermediate host: none mechanical transmission via coitus |
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Leishmania spp.
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definitive host: humans, other mammals
intermediate host: sand fly salivarian obligate intracellular parasite of macrophages |
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Name the three forms of Leishmania
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visceral
cutaneous mucocutaneous |
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A recent increase in cases of Leishmania in the U.S. is linked to which breed of dog?
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Foxhounds
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Trichomonas foetus
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definitive host: cattle
intermediate host: none mechanical transmission via coitus |
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What are the clinical signs for Trichomonas foetus infections?
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infertility and abortions in the herd of cattle
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From where can Trichomonas foetus be easily isolated?
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the prepuce of older bulls
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Trichomonas gallinae
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affects poultry
infects upper GI tract |
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Trichomonas gallinarum
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affects poultry
infects lower GI tract |
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Giardia
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definitive host: human, dog, cat
most common human parasite in the U.S. |
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How to diagnose Giardia?
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fecal flotation with a ZnSO4 solution over multiple different days
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Why is Giardia difficult to diagnose?
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cysts are very small
cysts are shed intermittently most fecal flotation solutions distort cyst shape anti-diarrheal medications stop cyst shedding |
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How to treat Giardia?
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Drontal for 3 days
or Panacur for 5 days |
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Which parasites are able to resist standard municipal water treatments?
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Giardia and Cryptosporidium
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How to control Giardia?
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Quaternary ammonia compounds like Roccal
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Histomonas is associated with what disease of poultry?
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Blackhead disease
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Coccidia forms
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Eimeria and Isospora
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Eimeria has how many sporocysts and how many sporozoites?
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4 sporocysts
2 sporozoites |
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Isospora has how many sporocysts and how many sporozoites?
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2 sporocysts
4 sporozoites |
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A dog fecal has coccidia with 2 sporocysts. Did the coccidia come from the dog?
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Most likely it did come from the dog. The dog may have eaten poop from another carnivore such as a cat.
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A dog fecal has coccidia with 4 sporocysts. How would you treat this infection?
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Stop the dog from eating poop from other animals. This coccidia most likely came from eating herbivore poop such as a rabbit.
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A cat fecal has coccidia with 2 sporocysts. How would you treat this infection?
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Sulfa drugs
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Which mammalian species can have both Isospora and Eimeria coccidial infections?
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swine
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Toxoplasma gondii
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definitive host: domestic cat
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Is Toxoplasma gondii host specific?
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No, it is not host specific
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An 11-year-old child is showing signs of learning disorders but has been perfectly fine up to this point. What parasite could be causing the problem?
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Toxoplasma gondii may be involved
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How do humans in the U.S. contract Toxoplasma gondii?
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Eating undercooked pork
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Neospora spp.
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definitive host: dog
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A 10-month old puppy presented with paralysis of the hind limbs. What parasite could be the cause?
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Neospora is related to ascending paralysis
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T/F
Neospora has been linked to abortions in cattle |
True, Neospora can cause abortions in cattle
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Sarcocystic spp.
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predator-prey relationship
prey eats material contaminated with predator fecal matter predator eats infected prey |
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What is the etiologic agent of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis?
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Sarcocystis neuroma
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What are the clinical signs of EPM?
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Asymmetrical neurological lesions:
stumbling, limb dragging, dyspnea, intermittent lameness |
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Which disease has similar signs as EPM? How are these signs different?
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West Nile has similar signs except that it shows signs of symmetrical lesions
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What is the definitive host of Sarcocystis neuroma?
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opossum
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How to treat EPM?
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ponazuril (Marquis)
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Which parasite produces thick and thin oocysts?
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Cryptosporidium spp.
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What is the main issue with thin oocytes?
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Thin oocytes of Cryptosporidium can rupture and cause auto-reinfection
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A 10-day-old calf presents with watery, yellow diarrhea. Which parasite might the calf have?
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Cryptosporidium spp.
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Which area of the gut does Cryptosporidium inhabit?
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Microvillous brush border
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Faciola Hepatica
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common liver fluke
definitive host: cattle, sheep intermediate host: snail |
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Faciola hepatica can cause black disease in sheep that have a concurrent infection with which bacteria?
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Clostridium novyi
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How does the definitive host pick up Faciola hepatica?
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By eating vegetation that contains encysted cercariae
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What pathway does Faciola hepatica take to its final destination?
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penetrates gut wall-->abdominal cavity-->liver-->bile duct
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Faciola magna
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definitive host: deer
unnatural host: domestic ruminants Large American fluke (liver fluke) |
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What happens when Faciola magna is not in the definitive host?
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Flukes in search of bile duct cannot find it, so they eat away and destroy the liver while searching
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Schistosomes can cause what clinical sign?
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Intense puritis of the skin
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Nanophyetus salmincola
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definitive host: wild/domestic canids, cat
2 intermediate hosts: snail (1st), salmonid fish (2nd) |
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Which parasite causes salmon poisoning in dogs?
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Neorickettsia helminthocea
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How to treat Nanophyetus salmincola?
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doxycycline
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Paragonimus kellicotti
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definitive host: dog, cat, some wild carnivores
2 intermediate hosts: snail (1st), crayfish (2nd) transport host: rodent |
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Which parasite causes a "chain link" thoracic radiograph?
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Paragonimus kellicotti (the lung fluke)
lives in pairs in the lungs |
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Platynosomum concinnum
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definitive host: cat, opossum
2 intermediate hosts: snail (1st), toad/lizard (2nd) liver fluke |
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Which cestodes belong to psedudophyllidea?
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Spirometra mansonoides and Diphyllobothrium latum
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Spirometra mansonoides
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definitive: cat, dog
2 intermediate hosts: small crustacean (copepod) (1st), tadpole/frog/water snake/rodent/bird (2nd) |
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Diphyllobothrium latum
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definitive host: dog, cat, human
2 intermediate hosts: small crustacean (1st), salmonid fish (2nd) |
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What do Cestode eggs look like?
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Amber color
operculum present |
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How do you treat a cestode infection?
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droncit
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Match:
1) Taenia saginata 2) Taenia solium a) beef tapeworm b) pork tapeworm |
T. saginata is the beef tapeworm
T. solium is the pork tapeworm |
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What parasite is the cause of "measly meat"?
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Taenia spp. (T. saginata: measly beef; T. solium: measly pork)
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How do humans contract Taenia infections?
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Eating food contaminated with human feces.
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What parasite can cause neurocysticercosis in humans?
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Taenia solium larval form is associated with this disease
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Hydatigera taeniformis
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definitive host: cat
intermediate host: rodent predator-prey relationship |
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Multiceps serialis
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definitive host: dog, fox
intermediate host: rabbit, hare predator-prey relationship |
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Multiceps multiceps
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definitive host: dog
intermediate host: sheep, goat |
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What parasite is known to cause meningoencephalitis in sheep?
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Multiceps multiceps
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Echinococcus granulosus
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definitive host: dog (not fox)
intermediate host: sheep Forms hydatid cysts |
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Which parasite creates hydatid cysts?
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Echinococcus granulosus is involved in hydatid cyst formation
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How do humans get infected with Echinococcus granulosus?
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eating food contaminated with dog feces
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Echinococcus multilocularis
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definitive host: fox
intermediate host: rodent |
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Dipylidium caninum
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definitive host: dog, cat, foxes
intermediate host: flea Flea tapeworm |
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An owner comes in with a tapeworm segment from her cat. How can you tell if this is a flea tapeworm?
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Look for 2 pores in the segment
crush segment to look for multiple eggs in one egg capsule |
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Anoplocephala perfoliata
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definitive host: horse
found in small and large intestines at ileocecal valve can cause impaction |
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Anoplocephala magna
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definitive host: horse
found in upper small intestine can cause impaction |
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Moniezia expansa, Moniezia benedeni
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definitive host: young cattle (M. benedeni), young sheep (M. expansa)
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