Us Unit Test Ch 18-21

Front 1

The ______________________ ended the Mexican-American War,

Back 1

Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo

Front 2

What event started a whole new debate about the extension of slavery?

Back 2

Mexican-American War

Front 3

Who did the Whigs nominate in the 1848 election?

Back 3

General Zachary Taylor

Front 4

Explain the Free Soil Party

Back 4

a party committed against the extension of slavery in the territories and one that also advocated federal aid for internal improvements and urged free government homesteads for settlers.

Front 5

What drew away from the slavery issue in 1848

Back 5

the California Gold Rush

Front 6

What was the Underground Railroad and who was in charge of it?

Back 6

1. Finally the Underground Railroad, a secret organization that took runaway states north to Canada, was taking more and more slaves from the South.
i. Harriet Tubman freed more than 300 slaves during 19 trips to the South.

Front 7

Explain the compromise of 1850 and who got the better deal

Back 7

1. The North got the better deal in the Compromise of 1850:
i. California was admitted as a free state, permanently tipping the balance.
ii. The Utah and New Mexico Territories could decide, with popular sovereignty, over slavery.
iii. Texas lost its disputed territory to New Mexico and (now) Oklahoma but was paid $10 million.
iv. The District of Columbia could not have slave trade, but slavery was still legal.
v. A new Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 was drastic, and it stated that (1) fleeing slaves couldn’t testify on their own behalf, (2) the federal commissioner who handled the case got $5 if the slave was free and $10 if not, and (3) people who were ordered to help catch slaves had to do so, even if they didn’t want to.

Front 8

What was the result of the death of the whig party?

Back 8

Whigs ended the national political arguments and gave rise to sectional political alignments.

Front 9

Who was William Walker?

Back 9

1. In July of 1856, a brazen American adventurer, William Walker, grabbed control in Nicaragua and proclaimed himself president, then legalized slavery, but a coalition of Latin American states overthrew him.

Front 10

Explsin the Ostend Manifesto

Back 10

stated that the U.S. was to offer $120 million to Spain for Cuba, and if it refused and Spain’s ownership of Cuba continued to endanger the U.S., then America would be justified in seizing the island.

Front 11

Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act

Back 11

which would let slavery in Kansas and Nebraska be decided upon by popular sovereignty.

Front 12

1. In 1852, Harriet Beecher Stow published _____ ____ _____, a popular book that awakened the passions of the North toward the evils of slavery.

Back 12

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Front 13

How did Uncle Tom's Cabin keep Britain out of the Civil War?

Back 13

i. The book helped Britain stay out of the Civil War because its people, who had read the book and had now denounced slavery, wouldn’t allow intervention on behalf of the South.

Front 14

How did Kansas end up being a slave state?

Back 14

Thus, on election day in 1855, hordes of Southerners from Missouri flooded the polls and elected Kansas to be a slave state

Front 15

How did Anti-slaveryites respond to the making of Kansas a slave state?

Back 15

free soilers unable to stomach this set up their own government in Topeka.

Front 16

Who was John Brown?

Back 16

fanatical abolitionist who, in May of 1856 in response to the pro-slavery events in Lawrence, hacked to death 5 presumed pro-slavery men at Pottawatomie Creek

Front 17

Explain the Lecompton Constitution

Back 17

provided that the people were only allowed to vote for the constitution “with slavery” or “without slavery.”

Front 18

Explain the Know Nothing Party

Back 18

1. The American Party, also called the Know-Nothing Party, was formed by Protestants who were alarmed by the increase of immigrants from Ireland and Germany. They chose former president Millard Fillmore as their candidate for the election of 1856.

Front 19

Explain the panic of 1857

Back 19

The panic of 1857 broke out due to California gold inflating the currency and over-speculation in land and railroads. The North was the hardest hit, while the South, with its cotton, continued to flourish.

Front 20

What did the Freeport Doctrine say?

Back 20

no matter how the Supreme Court ruled, slavery would stay down if the people voted it down; the people had the power.

Front 21

Explain John Brown's Murder

Back 21

1. Abolitionist John Brown's scheme was to invade the South secretly with a handful of followers, call upon the slaves to rise, give the slaves weapons, and establish a black free state as a sanctuary.
2. In October 1859, he seized the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry. Because many of his supporters failed to show up, he was caught and sent to death by hanging. When Brown died, he lived on as a martyr to the abolitionist cause.

Front 22

What did the south say they would do if Lincoln was elected president?

Back 22

secede

Front 23

Who was the President of the Confederate States of America`

Back 23

Jefferson Davis

Front 24

Explain the Crittenden amendments

Back 24

would ban slavery north of the 36°30’ line and would leave the issue in territories south of the line up to the people; also, existing slavery south of the line would be protected.

Front 25

the North rallied behind the ______ _______ stating that prohibited slavery in any territory gained by the Mexican War

Back 25

Wilmot Proviso

Front 26

Why was Central America Coveted in the 1850's

Back 26

To make a passage from the Atlantic ocean to the pacific ocean

Front 27

_______-______ Treaty kept neutrality between USA and Britain for any isthmian waterway

Back 27

Clayton-Bulwer

Front 28

What country did the South try to make a slave state in South America

Back 28

Nicaragua

Front 29

Northern Abolitionists sent groups into Kansas to forestall the south and to make a profit. Who was the most famous?

Back 29

Most famous was the New England Emigrant Aid Company
sent about 2000 people

Front 30

__________ set up their own government in Shawnee Mission
____________ set up theirs in Topeka

Back 30

Slaveryites
Free Soilers

Front 31

What was Steven Douglass' position on the Lecompton constitution

Back 31

despite his presidential popularity in the south, Douglas plead for fair play and democratic policies.

Front 32

Explain the Dred Scott case

Back 32

Decreed that slaves could be legally taken into any territory and held as slaves
Went further in saying Congress had no power to ban slavery in territories
Missouri Compromise of 1820 was unconstitutional

Front 33

What was Lincoln's position on slavery for his debates with Douglas

Back 33

Lincoln's conservative position • South entitled to Fugitive Slave law • response to Dred Scot decision
supported Court's decision •
Slavery in D.C.
gradual abolition compensation for slaveowners

Front 34

What was Douglas' position on slavery for his debates with Lincoln?

Back 34

Douglas’s “Freeport Doctrine”
Public Opinion ruled all for slavery

Front 35

What were the responses to the Murder of John Brown

Back 35

South
Asked how they could remain in the Union with abolitionists like this.
North
Viewed Brown as a martyr because of his cause

Front 36

Explain what happened to the democrats in the election of 1860

Back 36

Stephen Douglas and the Democratic party
they met in charleston
Northern Democrats supported Douglas but southern “Fire eater” democrats regarded him a traitor
the delegates from most of the cotton states walked out•
Tried again in Baltimore
o popular sovereignty
o no obstruction of Fugitive Slave law (to appease Southern Dems)

Front 37

What are the reasons Southerners supported secession

Back 37

They were alarmed by the inexorable tipping of the political balance against them
Southerners were also dismayed by the triumph of the new sectional Republican Party, which seemed to threaten their rights as a slaveholding minority.
Weary of Northern interference
Could develop its own economic system, free of unreasonable tariffs.

Front 38

What were issues secession could not have resolved?

Back 38

The Underground Railroad reviving
European nations colonizing America

Front 39

What were the significance of the border states in the civil war

Back 39

The remaining Border States were crucial for both sides, as they would have almost doubled the manufacturing capacity of the South and increased its supply of horses and mules by half.

Front 40

Lincoln:hoped to have God on his side, but had to have Kentucky(437)….Why?

Back 40

to control the area where much of the Confederacy’s grain, gunpowder, and iron was produced

Front 41

describe Lincoln’s methods of keeping Border States in the Union (p. 437)

Back 41

Thus, to retain them, Lincoln used moral persuasion…and methods of dubious legality:
In Maryland, he declared martial law in order to retain a state that would isolate Washington D.C. within Confederacy territory if it went to the South and also sent troops to western Virginia and Missouri.
At the beginning, in order to hold the remaining Border States, Lincoln repeated said that the war was to save the Union, not free the slaves, since a war for the slaves would have lost the Border States

Front 42

Explain the Strengths and Weaknesses of the South

Back 42

Strengths
It only had to fight to a draw to win, since all it had to do was keep the North from invading and taking over all of its territory.
It had the most talented officers, including Robert E. Lee and Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson, and most of the Southerners had been trained to fight in the harsh South since they were children, as opposed to the tame Northerners.
Weaknesses
However, the South was handicapped by a shortage of factories and manufacturing plants, but during the war, those developed in the South.
Still, as the war dragged on, the South found itself with a shortage of shoes, uniforms, blankets, clothing, and food, which didn’t reach soldiers due to supply problems.

Front 43

Explain the Strengths and weaknesses of North

Back 43

Strengths
North had a huge economy, much more men available to fight, and it controlled the sea, though its officers weren’t as well trained as some in the South.
Weaknesses
Much less prepared
Not as good of generals

Front 44

Explain the US-Britain Relations during the war

Back 44

As the North won Southern territory, it sent cotton and food over to Europe.
The North retained a much better relationship with Britain than the South

Front 45

Explain President Lincoln’s extra constitutional assertions of executive power

Back 45

Abe Lincoln did do some tyrannical acts during his term as president, such as illegally proclaiming a blockade, proclaiming acts without Congressional consent, and sending in troops to the Border States, but he justified his actions by saying that such acts weren’t permanent, and he had to do those things in order to preserve the Union.
Such actions included the advancement of $2 million to three private citizens for war purposes, the suspension of habeas corpus so that anti-Unionists could be arrested, and the intimidation of voters in the Border States.

Front 46

What was the significance of First Bull Run, VA(May 1861)

Back 46

The atmosphere was like that of a sporting event, as Congressmen gathered in picnics.
However, after initial success by the Union, Confederate reinforcements arrived and, coupled with Stonewall Jackson’s line holding, sent the Union soldiers into disarray.

Front 47

Explain the peninsula campaign

Back 47

taking about a month to capture Yorktown before coming to the Richmond.
At this moment, President Lincoln took McClellan’s expected reinforcements and sent them chasing Stonewall Jackson, and after “Jeb” Stuart’s Confederate cavalry rode completely around McClellan’s army, Southern General Robert E. Lee launched a devastating counterattack―the Seven Days’ Battles―on June 26 to July 2 of 1862.

Front 48

Antietam, MD (September 1862)―the most decisive battle of the civil war…Why?

Back 48

McClellan’s men found a copy of Lee’s plans and were able to stop the Southerners at Antietam on September 17, 1862 in one of the bloodiest days of the Civil War.
Jefferson Davis was never so close to victory as he was that day, since European powers were very close to helping the South, but after the Union army displayed unexpected power at Antietam, that help faded.
Antietam was also the Union display of power that Lincoln needed to announce his Emancipation Proclamation, which didn’t actually free the slaves, but gave the general idea; it was announced on January 1, 1863.
Now, the war wasn’t just to save the Union, it was to save the slaves a well.

Front 49

Explain the Battle of Gettysburg

Back 49

In the Battle of Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863), General George Pickett led a hopeless, bloody, and pitiful charge up a hill that ended in the pig-slaughter of Confederates.

Front 50

Explain the Battle of Vicksburg

Back 50

U.S. Grant besieged the city and captured it on July 4, 1863, thus securing the important Mississippi River.

Front 51

Explain Tecumseh's burning

Back 51

After Grant cleared out Tennessee, General William Tecumseh Sherman was given command to march through Georgia, and he delivered, capturing and burning down Atlanta before completing his famous “march to the sea” at Savannah.
His men cut a trail of destruction one-mile wide, waging “total war” by cutting up railroad tracks, burning fields, and destroying everything.
severely weakened southern moral

Front 52

Explain the Hampton Roads, VA negotiation in February 1865

Back 52

North only wanted emancipation and Union
South only wanted independence

Front 53

What were black people's role for the confederate army

Back 53

Blacks required to perform labor intensive war related activities―but were not
enlisted to fight by the South
§ Blacks continued agricultural labor to supply food for needy military