U.s. History Chapters 7-9

Front 1

Nationalism

Back 1

National pride or loyoalty

Front 2

Rush-Bagot Agreement

Back 2

Each nation pledged to limit its naval presence on the Great Lakes to a few armed ships.

Front 3

Convention of 1818

Back 3

Agreement btwn. U.S. and Britain to allow both countries to fish in disputed waters.

Front 4

First Seminole War

Back 4

Conflict btwn. U.S. forces and the Seminole in Spanish Florida; increased conflict btwn the US and Spain

Front 5

Adams-Onís Treaty

Back 5

1819: Spain transferred East Florida to U.S.

Front 6

Monroe Doctrine

Back 6

President vowed that the US would not interfere with any existing European colonies in Latin America.

Front 7

Specie

Back 7

Gold or silver coins that the bank held to back up the notes

Front 8

American System

Back 8

Plan developed by Clay for raising tariffs to pay for internal improvements such as roads and canals

Front 9

Tariff Act of 1816

Back 9

Act that placed a 25% duty on most imported factory goods

Front 10

National Road

Back 10

First federal roadway previously known as Cumberland Road

Front 11

Erie Canal

Back 11

363-mile-long canal that was intended as a cheaper and faster route to and from the interior of the country than roads.

Front 12

Market Revolution

Back 12

Creation of national markets; brought about by new transportation systems,

Front 13

Industrial Revolution

Back 13

Period of dynamic changes in manufacturing and production that began in Britain.

Front 14

Mass Production

Back 14

Manufacture of large quantities of goods

Front 15

Interchangeable Parts

Back 15

Process developed by Whitney in 1790s that called for mass production by use of identical, replaceable parts.

Front 16

Panic of 1819

Back 16

Economic collapse caused partly by the National Bank's attempt to curb some policies of state banks.

Front 17

Missouri Compromise

Back 17

Agreement that admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, thus keeping balance in the senate.

Front 18

Spoils System

Back 18

Jackson rewarded his supporters by giving some of them government jobs

Front 19

Rotation in office

Back 19

Periodic replacement of officeholders

Front 20

Sequoya

Back 20

Member of the Cherokee

Front 21

Indian Removal Act

Back 21

Passed by Congress providing for the relocation of Indian tribes living east of the Mississippi River to Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma

Front 22

Second Seminole War

Back 22

Cost more money and lives than any other Indian war in U.S. History. Aided by runaway slaves.

Front 23

Worcester v. Georgia

Back 23

Supreme court that limited state power over the Cherokee Nation and said that the federal government should protect the Cherokee from state govts trying to take their land; ignored by Pres Jackson and state of Georgia

Front 24

Trail of Tears

Back 24

800-mile forced march the Cherokee made from their homeland in the SE to Indian Territory in present day Oklahoma; resulted in the deaths of almost 1/4 of tribe members.

Front 25

Doctrine of Nullification

Back 25

Belief that states had the right to disobey federal laws that they considered unconstitutional.

Front 26

Pet banks

Back 26

State banks that received deposits of federal funds because of their officers' loyalty to the Democratic party and Andrew Jackson.

Front 27

Specie Circular

Back 27

Executive order that instructed treasury to accept only specie as payment for public land.

Front 28

Panic of 1837

Back 28

U.S. economic collapse caused in part by Specie Circular and by an economic crisis in Great Britain.

Front 29

Whig Party

Back 29

1834, opponents of Jackson; referred to him as "King Andrew"

Front 30

Middle class

Back 30

Included prosperous artisans, farmers, lawyers, ministers, shopkeepers, and their families.

Front 31

Factory system

Back 31

System that cut costs and increases output by relying on machines to help do everything under one roof.

Front 32

Lowell girls

Back 32

Single women who worked in textile mills and lived in company-owned boardinghouses in Lowell, Massachusetts and other textile towns in the early 1800s.

Front 33

National Trade Union

Back 33

Sought work reforms such as a shorter workday.

Front 34

Strike

Back 34

Refusal to work until employers met union demands.

Front 35

Nativism

Back 35

Favoring of native-born Americans over the foreign-born.

Front 36

Know-Nothings

Back 36

Political organization founded in 1849 by nativists who opposed the Catholic Church and supported measures making it difficult for foreigners to become citizens and to hold office.

Front 37

Cotton gin

Back 37

Device developed by Whitney in 1793 to separate short-staple cotton seeds from the bolls.

Front 38

Tredegar Iron Works

Back 38

One of the nation's largest and best equipped iron foundaries that operated in Richmond, VA in the early to mid-1800s.

Front 39

Antebellum

Back 39

Pre-Civil War class structure

Front 40

Yeoman farmers

Back 40

Made up majority of southern white society.

Front 41

Gang labor

Back 41

Allowed overseers to assign groups of slaves to do specialized jobs

Front 42

Drivers

Back 42

Assistants picked among the slaves

Front 43

Overseers

Back 43

Managed the slaves

Front 44

Spirituals

Back 44

Songs sung by slaves

Front 45

Underground Railroad

Back 45

Network of white and African American Slaves abolitionists who helped slaves escape to freedom in the North or in Canada.

Front 46

Harriet Tubman

Back 46

Conductor in the URR

Front 47

Second Great Awakening

Back 47

Evangelical religious movement that spread through the US beginning in the eatly 1800s

Front 48

Revivals

Back 48

Public gatherings at which ministers preach to a large number of people.

Front 49

Denominations

Back 49

Religious groups

Front 50

Utopias

Back 50

Communities designed to create a perfect society; popular in the US in the early to mid 1800s

Front 51

Shakers

Back 51

United believers in Christ's Second Appearing; religious group led by "Mother Ann" Lee, who claimed to be the messiah; established several communities in the East before declining in the late 1800s.

Front 52

Mormons

Back 52

Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

Front 53

Transcendentalism

Back 53

Belief that people can rise above material things in life to reach a higher level of understanding; popular among New England writers and thinkers in the mid-1800s

Front 54

Unitarians

Back 54

Members of a religious reform movement that originated in New England in the late 1700s.

Front 55

Temperance movement

Back 55

A social reform effort begun in the mid 1800s to encourage people to limit alcohol consumption

Front 56

Prohibition

Back 56

Complete ban on the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcohol.

Front 57

Catharine Beecher

Back 57

Reformer who supported increased educational opportunities for women.

Front 58

Rehabilitation

Back 58

Treatment to restore someone to a useful and constructive place in society.

Front 59

Penitentiary

Back 59

Isolated and structured environment for convicted criminals; intended to reform them.

Front 60

Dorothea Dix

Back 60

Female reformer who worked with mentally ill.

Front 61

Horace Mann

Back 61

Reformer of education

Front 62

American Colonization Society

Back 62

Set up to freed African Americans to Africa to found new settlements.

Front 63

Theodore Weld

Back 63

was one of the leading architects of the American abolitionist movement during its formative years, from 1830 through 1844.

Front 64

David Walker

Back 64

Abolitionist; free Af-Amer businessman from Boston who published the Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World

Front 65

William Lloyd Garrison

Back 65

White New England journalist abolitionist; launched the abolitionist newspaper the Liberator.

Front 66

Frederick Douglass

Back 66

Fugitive slave from Maryland; abolitionist; published North Star abolitionist newspaper and wrote autobiography. Best at winning members for the American Anti-Slavery Society.

Front 67

Sojourner Truth (Isabella Baumfree)

Back 67

Former slave who worked for American Anti-Slavery Society. Managed to flee from slaveholder. Made powerful impression, preached gospel on abolition and women's rights.

Front 68

Sarah & Angelica Grimké

Back 68

Abolitionists; left slaveholding family in SC and moved to Philly to join the abolitionist movement. Wrote American Slavery As It Is--one of the most influential antislavery documents of the period.

Front 69

Elijah Lovejoy

Back 69

Abolitionist editor in Illinois; murdered in 1837.

Front 70

American Anti-Slavery Society

Back 70

Group founded in 1833 by abolitionists; the first national antislavery organization devoted to immediate abolition and to racial equality.

Front 71

Liberator

Back 71

William Lloyd Garrison's abolitionist newspaper, launched in 1831.

Front 72

Seneca Falls Convention

Back 72

First national women's rights convention; site where the Declaration of Sentiments was written.

Front 73

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Back 73

Abolitionist; women's rights activist

Front 74

Declaration of Sentiments

Back 74

Statement written and signed by women's rights supporters who attended the Seneca Falls Convention; modeled after the Declaration of Independence, it detailed their beliefs about women's rights.

Front 75

Lucretia Mott

Back 75

was an American Quaker, abolitionist, social reformer, and proponent of women's rights. She is credited as the first American "feminist" in the early 19th century but was, more accurately, the initiator of women's political rights.

Front 76

Lucy Stone

Back 76

Oberlin graduate; influential public career as a speaker for the AASS.

Front 77

Married Women's Property Act

Back 77

NY law that permitted married women to own property, file lawsuits, and retain earnings; major victory for the early women's rights movement.

Front 78

Susan B. Anthony

Back 78

was a prominent American civil rights leader who played a pivotal role in the 19th century women's rights movement to introduce women's suffrage into the United States.