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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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England’s economic purpose(s) for establishing colonies in North America were
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to provide England with raw materials and buy England’s manufactured goods.
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Why did groups such as the Quakers, Puritans and Pilgrims migrate to North America
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to be able to practice their own religion
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What was the French and Indian War’s significance
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Colonists faced increased taxation by England
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Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence’s emphasis
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natural rights
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Why the colonists protested British rule
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Wanted Self-government, believed in Enlightenment, Salutary Neglect ended, No taxation without representation
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What were the Loyalists’ beliefs, including “virtual representation”
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Citizens need to support the King, Revolution may destroy my wealth and power, if we declare independence we will be traitors
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Patriots’ greatest advantage during the war
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assistance from the French
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Laws imposed on the Colonies by the British Parliament
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Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Intolerable Acts
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What were some methods of protests used by the colonists
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Boycotting, Petitioning, Boston Tea Party
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What is a main reason why the Articles of Confederation failed
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the national government was too weak
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Bill of Rights’ main purpose was
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list and guarantee basic individual rights.
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Define Federalism
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balance the power between the national and state governments
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What did the Elastic Clause/Necessary and Proper Clause do
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Justified establishing National bank, Louisiana Purchase
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What precedents did the Washington administration set
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enforcing federal laws (Whiskey Rebellion, establishing an executive cabinet, voluntarily stepping down after two terms
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How did Washington feel about political parties
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against
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How did Washington feel about permanent alliances
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needed
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Alexander Hamilton and the Federalists’ supported what policies
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National bank, loose interpretation, Support from the elite, Allies/friends with Great Britain
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How did the differing beliefs of Hamilton and Jefferson impact American government
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Led to the creation of political parties
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John Adams and his Federalists’ Alien and Sedition Acts – why controversial
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placed national security above individual rights
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John Marshall’s Supreme Court’s Marbury v. Madison
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It gave the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional.
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What did Thomas Jefferson experience with the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions before he was president
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example of the attempts by states to challenge federal power
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Why was the Louisiana Purchase significant
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It doubled the size of the U.S., expanding its power over North America.
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James Madison’s War of 1812 had what significance
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It created a greater sense of nationalism and unity.
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James Monroe’s Monroe Doctrine stated what
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to prevent European interference in the Western Hemisphere.
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Jacksonian Democracy – common white man/universal manhood suffrage represented what
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It represented the expansion of the vote
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Missouri Compromise of 1820 did what
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a temporary solution to the question of the expansion of slavery
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Under Andrew Jackson, how did the US approach Native American/Indian Removal
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forced removal to the West
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What was the Trail of Tears
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U.S. policy of Indian Removal
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Give an example of Assimilation
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Native American becoming a Christian
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Why was the Nullification crisis important
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attempts by states to challenge federal power
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Define Manifest Destiny
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The belief that America should expand to the Pacific coast.
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What were some effects of the Mexican-American War
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It increased American territory and sectional tensions
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How did the Mexican-American War lead to the Civil War
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Gained more territory that led to slave debate
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What was the cotton gin’s significance
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made slave labor more profitable
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Define Abolitionists
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supported ending slavery immediately throughout the nation
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How did Slaves resist
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Underground Railroad, Slave revolts, Slowing down work
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Define Popular Sovereignty
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States freedom to choose to allow slavery or ban slavery
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What were three Causes of the Civil War
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Slavery expanding, Failure to compromise, States’ rights
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Why did Southern states feel they could secede
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States believing they have the right to leave the union
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At the start of the Civil War, President Lincoln’s main goal for fighting the Civil War
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preserve the union
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Suspension of the writ of habeas corpus during the Civil War was controversial, why
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put national security before individual freedoms
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Why was the Emancipation Proclamation important
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It was a step towards the complete abolition of slavery.
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What was the Emancipation Proclamations effect on slavery
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Freed slaves only in revolting areas
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What was the Gettysburg Address
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Lincoln speech that referenced the Constitution and spoke about the rebirth of the US
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Why did the Union/North win the Civil War
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Larger military, more money, industries that could manufacture war materials
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Radical Republicans’ from the South felt Reconstruction should
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protect the rights of former slaves
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How did Southern Democrats’ react after reconstruction was over
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Southern whites enforced racial inequality
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Which side won at the beginning of Reconstruction
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Radical Republicans
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13th Amendment
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used to protect the rights of former slaves
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14th Amendment
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used to protect the rights of former slaves
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15th Amendment
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used to protect the rights of former slaves
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Freedmen’s Bureau
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used to protect the rights of former slaves
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Which side won by the end of Reconstruction through the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s
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South
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Define Sharecropping
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economically tied black labor to the land owned by white Southerners
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Define Jim Crow laws
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Laws that limit civil rights of freed slaves
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How did Literacy tests affect the black vote
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limited voters
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How did Poll taxes affect the black vote
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limited voters
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Define Captains of industry
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Used their power and influence to help society
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Define Robber barons
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often took advantage of others in order to make themselves wealthy and powerful
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How did the Railroad affect business
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led to cheaper shipping
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How did Steel lead to urbanization
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allowed for the construction of skyscrapers
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How did the Telegraph affect communication
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improved long distance communication
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How did the Sewing machine affect buyers
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helped to provide inexpensive clothing
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Define Capitalism
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Economic system favored by rich people, private ownership
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Define Social Darwinism
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helped business leaders justify their treatment of workers
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Define Socialism
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offered to distribute the wealth of the country more equally
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Define Communism
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All aspects of society are controlled democratically by the people
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Where did New Immigrants come from
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Southern and Eastern Europe as well as Asia, came to work in factories
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Define Nativism
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Preferring Americans born in the U.S. and not a foreign country
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What did workers form to try to protect their interests in the late 1800s?
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Labor Uniors
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Why were labor unions were largely unsuccessful in their attempts to improve the conditions for workers during the late 19th Century
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They were viewed by most Americans as violent, People believed they were tied to Communism/Socialism, The government often sided with big business
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Define Progressivism
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environmental conservation, women’s suffrage, trust busting
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Government affected
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Increased its influence by regulating business and passing legislation designed to improve society
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During the Progressive Era, how was Big business affected
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More regulation by government
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Define Trust-busting
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restricting the power of monopolies
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During the Progressive Era, how were the Working whites and women affected
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Better working conditions
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During the Progressive Era, how were Cities affected
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Came about because of factories
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Define Urbanization
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build up of cities
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During the Progressive Era, how was Child labor affected
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Protected by progressives
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What was the 19th Amendment/suffrage
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Women's right to vote
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Define Suffragists
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to gain the right to vote
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Define Muckrakers
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expose corruption and social injustice
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How did President Theodore Roosevelt conserve the US
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National Park System
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How did President Theodore Roosevelt Control/regulate trusts
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restricted the power of monopolies
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What happened to the power of the U.S. federal government from its beginnings to the early twentieth century
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The power of the federal government grew
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What happened to the size/land area of the U.S. from its beginnings to the early twentieth century
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increased its size
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What happened to the number of groups, like women and poor white males, who began to participate in democracy in the U.S. from its beginnings to the early twentieth century
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More groups began to participate
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Did all Americans in the U.S. achieve the same level of equality from its beginnings to the early twentieth century
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No
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