Respiratory System

Front 1

in which region are the palatine tonsils found?

Back 1

oropharynx

Front 2

What part of the larynex covers the laryngeal inlet during swallowing to keep food out of the lower respiratory passages

Back 2

Epiglottis

Front 3

During the Valsalva's maneuver, what part of the larynx closes to increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as to help with defecation?

Back 3

glottis

Front 4

Which cartilage belonging to the larynx anchors the vocal cords?

Back 4

Arytenoid Cartelages

Front 5

What respiratory Structure is more commonly known as the "throat"?

Back 5

Pharynx

Front 6

What part of the upper respiratory system is also known as the "Guardian of the airways"

Back 6

Epiglottis

Front 7

Jane had been suffering through a severe cold and was complaining of a frontal headache and a dull, aching pain at the side of her face. What regions are likely to become sites of secondary infection following nasal infection?

Back 7

paranasal sinuses

Front 8

Why do patients with Rhinitis often have "watery eyes"?

Back 8

the infection has caused inflammation of the nasolacrimal ducts

Front 9

Why do Adenoids normally destroy pathogens?

Back 9

Because they contain Lymphocytes

Front 10

What does the loudness of a person's voice depend on?

Back 10

Force with which air rushes across vocal folds

Front 11

What maintains the patency (openness) of the Trachea?

Back 11

C-shaped cartilage rings

Front 12

What does the Auditory Tube drain into?

Back 12

Nasopharynx

Front 13

What type of Cartilage does the Larynx contain?

Back 13

Thyroid Cartilage

Front 14

Why do particles such as dust fail to reach the lungs?

Back 14

ciliated mucous lining in the nose

Front 15

True or False. The olfactory mucosal lining of the nasal cavity contains the receptors for the sense of smell.

Back 15

True

Front 16

True or False. The functions of the nasal conchae are to enhance the air turbulence in the cavity and to increase the mucosal surface area exposed to the air.

Back 16

True

Front 17

True or False. Tracheal obstruction is life threatening.

Back 17

True

Front 18

Back 18

Larynx

Front 19

List the organs of the upper Respiratory Tract

Back 19

Nasal Cavity

Pharnx

Larynx

Front 20

List of organs from Lower Respiratory Tract

Back 20

Trachea, Primary (main) Bronchus, Secondary (lobar) Bronchus, Tertiary (segmental) Bronchus, Bronchioles, Terminal Bronchioles, Respiratory Bronchioles, Alveolar Ducts, Alveoli

Front 21

Why would cartilage be absent at the posterior aspect of the trachea?

Back 21

Allows expansion of the esophagus when food is swallowed

Front 22

what is the Adventitia

Back 22

Outer most layer of bronchus.

Front 23

what do the walls of the Alveoli consist of?

Back 23

Simple Squamous Epithelium and a sparse Lamina Propria containing elastic fibers and pulmonary capillaries

Front 24

moving down the bronchial tree does the Airway Diameter increase or decrease?

Back 24

Decrease

Front 25

moving down the bronchial tree does the number of airways increase or decrease?

Back 25

Increase

Front 26

moving down the bronchial tree, does the total surface area, provided by airway walls increase or decrease?

Back 26

Increase

Front 27

moving down the bronchial tree does the thickness of the airway walls increase or decrease?

Back 27

Decrease

Front 28

moving down the bronchial tree does the amount of hyaline cartilage in the airways increase of decrease?

Back 28

Decrease

Front 29

moving down the bronchial tree does the relative amount of smooth muscle in the airways walls increase or decrease?

Back 29

Increase

Front 30

moving down the bronchial tree does the height of the epithelial cells lining the airways increase or decrease

Back 30

Decrease

Front 31

how many microscopic alveoli are in each lung?

Back 31

150 million

Front 32

What accurs in the respiratory membrane

Back 32

Gas exchange

Front 33

list the layers of the respiratory membrane in the order through which CO2 diffuses

Back 33

Capillary Endothelium, Fused Basement Membrane, Alveolar Epithelium

Front 34

List the layers of the respiratory membrane in the order through which O2 diffuses

Back 34

Alveolar Epithelium, Fused Basement Membrane, Capillary Endothelium

Front 35

What cells normally keep the alveolar surfaces sterile?

Back 35

Alveolar Macrophages

Front 36

what are the simple squamous epithelial cells called, that form only one layer of the respiratory memebrane

Back 36

Type 1 alveolar cells

Front 37

What cell secretes alveolar fluid, which coats the inner surfaces of the alveoli

Back 37

Type 2 Alveolar Cells

Front 38

What keeps the apical surface of the alveolar epithelium moist

Back 38

Alveolar Fluid

Front 39

what is the detergent-like complex of amphipathic lipids and proteins that reduces surface tension called

Back 39

Surfactant

Front 40

what contains surfactant?

Back 40

Alveolar Fluid

Front 41

what is the condition called when a premature baby is born without enough surfactant in their lungs, causing the alveoli to collapse after each expiration.

Back 41

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)

Front 42

what kind of membrane is in each pleural cavity

Back 42

Serous Membrane

Front 43

what is the portion of the pleura lining the wall of the pleural cavity called

Back 43

Porietal Pleura

Front 44

what is the portion of the pleura covering the lung called

Back 44

Viseral Pleura

Front 45

what type of epithelium is serous membranes composed of?

Back 45

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Front 46

what type of connective tissue is serouse membranes composed of

Back 46

Areolar Connective Tissue

Front 47

what is each lobe of a lung divided into?

Back 47

Bronchopulmonary Segments

Front 48

What is the indention in an organ called, through which vessels and nerves enter and exit the organs

Back 48

Hilum

Front 49

what vessels are at the root of the lung @ Hilum

Back 49

Left/Right Main Bronchus

Left/Right Pulmonary Artery

Left/Right Pulmonary Vein

Front 50

what is the exchange of respiratory gases between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries called

Back 50

External Repiration

Front 51

what is the exchange of respiratory gases between the blood in the systemic capillaries and interstitial fluid in the body tissues called

Back 51

Internal Respiration

Front 52

what is atmospheric pressure ant sea level?

Back 52

760 mmHg

Front 53

what is the individual pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases called

Back 53

Partial pressure

Front 54

what is directly proportional to concentration

Back 54

Partial Pressure

Front 55

what does the rate of external respiration depend on

Back 55

Partial Pressure Gradient (directly Related)

Gas Solubility (directly related)

Surface Area Available For Gas Exchange (Directly Related)

Diffusion Distance (Inversely Related)

Front 56

what is it called when the alveolar walls disintegrate, decreasing the surface area across which gas exchange can occur and decreasing external respiration rate.

Back 56

Emphysema