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116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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which has a thicker wall arteries or veins |
Arteries |
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Which has a larger lumen arteries or veins
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Veins
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What are the systemic vessels that service the walls of larger vessels called
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Vasa vasorum
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What is the middle layer of a vessel called
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Tunica media
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What vessel layer consists of endothelium and a sparse layer of areolar connected tissue |
Tunica intima
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What anchors the blood vessel by merging with the connective tissue of surrounding structures
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Tunica externa
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What is located between the tunica intima and the tunica media in the medium sized arteries |
Internal elastic lamina |
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What is the layer that is thickest in arteries but poorly developed in vain |
Tunica media |
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What layer of a vessel is in intimate contact with the blood |
Tunica intima |
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what is responsible for vasodilation and vasoconstriction |
Tunica media |
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What is located between the tunica media and the Tunica externa in medium sized arteries |
External elastic lamina |
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what is composed of smooth muscle tissue in varying amounts of elastic connective tissue
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Tunica media |
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What layers of a vessel is composed solely of elastic connective tissue
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External elastic lamina and internal elastic lamina
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what is the central blood filled space of a blood vessel called |
Lumen |
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What is the diameter of a large vessel
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2.5 to 1.0 centimeters |
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What is the diameter of a medium-sized special |
1.0 centimeters to 2.3 millimeters |
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What is the diameter of a small size vessel |
. 3 millimeters to 10 micrometers |
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What is another name for a vein |
Tributary |
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What are large arteries also known as |
Elastic and conducting Arteries |
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What are medium arteries also known as |
Muscular and distributing Arteries |
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Would you describe the aorta and many of its major branches as arterioles, large arteries, or medium arteries |
Large arteries |
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What occurs passively due to elasticity of arterial walls |
Expansion and recoil |
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What type of artery is expansion and recoil especially important in |
Large arteries |
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Describe the ventricular ejection |
Increased arterial pressure pushes arterial walls outward |
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What is the purpose of large arteries being able to expand |
to absorb pressure and prevents damage to smaller thinner walled arteries downstream |
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what is it called When arterial pressure decreases and arterial walls are allowed to recoil
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Ventricular diastole
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what releases the stored pressure that pushes the blood forward so that blood flow is continuous
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Recoil of large arteries
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What occurs actively due to the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle tissue in vessel walls |
Vasomotion |
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Where is Vasomotion especially important |
In the Arterioles where it helps to maintain blood pressure homeostasis
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What is also included in vasomotion |
Vasodilation and Vasocontraction |
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What are lipoproteins |
Lipid molecules combine with protein molecules that allow lipids to be transported into the blood |
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what has an outer shell of amphipathic proteins, phospholipids, and cholesterol molecules, surrounding an inner core of a non-polar triglycerides and cholesterol esters
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Lipoprotein
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What has a greater density protein or lipid
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Protein |
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What transports triglycerides synthesized in the liver to adipose tissue for storage |
Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) |
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What removes excess cholesterol from the body cells and blood then transported to the liver which excretes it in the Bile
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High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
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What delivers cholesterol to the body cells for the synthesis of cellular membranes steroid hormones and certain bile components
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Low-density lipoprotein (LDLs') |
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how is atherosclerosis characterized |
By lesions called Atherosclerotic Plaques (Atheromas) |
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Where can arthrosclerotic plaques be located |
In the walls of large and medium sized arteries |
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What causes arterial walls to thicken harden and lose their elasticity |
artherosclerosis |
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True or false arthrosclerosis is progressive and may take decades to cause symptoms |
True
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What can cause arthrosclerotic plaque |
Hypertension and blood borne chemicals including components of cigarette smoke |
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what is the core of foam cells covered by the fibrous cap called |
Arthrosclerotic Plaque or Atheroma |
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What is a thrombus |
Clot that forms abnormally in an unbroken blood vessel |
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What is an embolus |
Clot or piece of artherosclerotic plaque transported by the blood |
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What is a myocardial infraction |
Death of myocardial tissue due to lack of blood supply to the heart |
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What is a cerebrovascular accident |
Death of brain tissue due to lack of blood supply to the brain |
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What is metabolic syndrome |
A collection of conditions that when taken together dramatically increases the risk of cardiovascular disease |
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What would you call a collection of conditions that when taken together dramatically increases the risk of cardiovascular disease
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Metabolic syndrome |
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What is the exact cause of metabolic syndrome |
Unknown |
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What do you call a hydrostatic pressure exerted by the blood against the vessel walls
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blood pressure |
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What is the normal average resting blood pressure |
120/80 mm Hg |
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What is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure called |
Pulse pressure (120-80) |
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What do you call the amount of pressure responsible for moving the blood from the left ventricle to the body tissues throughout the cardiac cycle |
mean arterial pressure |
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What is the formula for mean arterial pressure |
MAP=Static pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure |
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what do you call a chronic resting blood pressure that is higher than 140/90
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Hypertension |
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What can hypertension lead to |
Artherosclerosis and congestive heart failure |
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When does congestive heart failure occur |
When cardiac output of one or both ventricles become lower than venous return
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What do you call the volume of blood pumped into the systemic arteries per minute |
Cardiac output |
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What is peripheral resistance |
Opposition to blood flow caused by friction between blood and the walls of the systemic vessels
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What is blood viscosity |
Thickness of the blood
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what is Vasomotion |
Change in vessel diameter do to contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle tissue in vessel walls
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What are the three types of capillaries |
Continuous, fenestrated, sinusoid |
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what type of capillaries endothelium forms a continuous layer with small intracellular clefts making them the least permeable |
Continuous capillaries |
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What kind of capillary is similar to continuous capillaries but holes in their endothelial cells increased permeability |
Fenestrated capillaries |
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what type of capillaries large fenestrations and intracellular clefts make these capillaries the most permeable |
Sinusoid capillaries |
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What type of capillary is most common and especially abundant in the skin and muscles |
Continuous capillaries |
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What type of capillary allows the passage of water and small solutes only
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Continuous capillary |
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What type of capillary contains macrophages
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Sinusoid capillaries |
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What type of capillary is abundant in the kidneys and in the mucosa of the small intestine
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Fenestrated capillaries |
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What type of capillary is found in the liver, red bone marrow, and the spleen.
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Sinusoid capillaries |
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What are capillary beds |
Interwoven networks of capillaries |
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What directly connects the atrial and the venule at opposite ends of the capillary bed |
vascular shunt
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Microscopic vessels involved in the exchange of materials between the blood in the body tissues
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true capillaries |
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What is the body's total blood flow at rest
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5800 milliliters per minute
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What is the body's total blood flow during strenuous exercise
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17500 milliliters in a minute
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How does the exchange of respiratory gases, nutrients, and metabolic wastes across the systemic capillary membranes occur
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Diffusion
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How does the exchange of fluid across systemic capillary membranes occur |
Filtration and reabsorption
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What is the actual amount of force responsible for moving fluid across the capillary membrane called |
net filtration pressure |
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Two mechanisms besides the beating of the heart, act as pumps to boost venous return. What are they?
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Muscular pump, respiratory pump
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what is it called when blood flow is inadequate to meet tissue needs |
Circulatory shock |
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what is the result of large-scale blood loss
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Hypovolumetric shock
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What is the result from abnormal extreme vasodilation |
Vascular shock |
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What is the result from heart failure
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cardiogenic shock
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what is mean arterial pressure responsible for |
moving the blood from the left ventricle to the body tissues throughout the cardiac cycle |
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What returns fluid that has not reabsorbed into venous ends of the systemic capillaries in the blood |
Lymphatic system
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what returns proteins that have been leaked out of the capillaries of the blood |
Lymphatic System |
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what transports lipids from the digestive tract to the blood
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Lymphatic System
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what carries out immune responses against Antegens
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Lymphatic System
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Where does the Lymphatic System begin |
Lymphatic Capillaries in the body Tissues |
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because Lymphatic Capillaries are so permeable what is allowed to enter in the interstitial fluid |
Proteins, viruses, bacteria and cellular debris |
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What has endothelial cells that overlap to form flaplike valves that allow interstitial fluid to enter, but not exit, the capillaires |
Lymphatic Capillaires |
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why does Lymphatic Capillaries have collagen filaments connected to each of the top flaps connected to surrounding tissue?
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so that an increase in interstitial fluid volume opens the valves and allows fluid to enter, rather than causing capillaries to collapse.
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what is interstitial fluid that has entered the Lymphatic Capillary called |
Lymph |
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what is the flow of Lymph in the Lymphatic System |
Lymphatic Capillary, Collecting Lymphatic Vessels, Lymph Trunk, Lymph Duct |
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what are the 2 Lymphatic Ducts? |
Right Lymphatic Duct and Thoracic Duct |
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how many Lymphatic Ducts are there? |
2 (Right Lymphatic Duct, Thoracic Duct) |
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where does the Right Lymphatic Duct drain lymph from? |
Upper right body into right subclavian vein. |
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where does the Thoracic Duct drain lymph from? |
From every where the Right Lymphatic Duct does not drain from |
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Where does the Lymphatic Trunks drain lymph from? |
Fairly large regions of the body |
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What are the Lymphatic Trunks of the body?
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Lumbar Trunk, Intestinal Trunk, Bronchomediastinal Trunks, Subclavian Trunks, jugular Trunks
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where do the Lumbar Trunks drain from? |
lower limbs, kidneys, adrenal glands, abdominal wall, and pelvic viscera. |
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where does the Intestinal Trunk drain from? |
stomach, intestines, pancreas, spleen, and liver |
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where does the Bronchomediastinal Trunk drain from? |
thoracic walls, lugs, and heart |
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where do the Subclavian Trunks drain from? |
Upper limbs |
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where does the Jugular Trunk drain from? |
Head and neck |
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what are lymphatic vessels similar to |
Veins |
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what is Lymph Transport aided by? |
skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps |
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what has thin walls and a histological structure similar the veins |
Lymphatic Vessels |
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what does Lymphatic Vessels contain, to keep the lymph moving toward the subclavian veins? |
Valves |
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what is a Lymph Node? |
Small bean-shaped structures containing lymphatic tissue |
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what is the function of Lymph Nodes? |
The filter the lymph as it moves toward the blood |
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what happens when Lymph flows through a node |
Foreign Substances become trapped |
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how do Lymph Nodes tend to appear? |
In clusters |
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how are Lymph Node named? |
According to their location |
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what Lymph Nodes filter lymph from the head and neck regions?
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Cervical Lymph Nodes
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what Lymph Nodes filter lymph from the upper limbs, shoulder and scapular regions, pectoral region |
Axillary Lymph Nodes |
