Upper Extremity Muscle Attachments, Innervation, Actions

Front 1

Deltoid

Back 1

PA: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
DA: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
I: Axiallary
Action:
Anterior: shoulder flexion, adduction, IR
Middle: abduction
Posterior: extension, adduction and ER

Front 2

Supraspinatus

Back 2

PA: Supraspinous fossa
DA: Superior facet of greater trochanter
I: Suprascapular
Action: Shoulder abduction

Front 3

Infraspinatus

Back 3

PA: Infraspinous fossa
DA: Middle facet of greater trochanter
I: Suprascapular
Action: ER

Front 4

Teres minor

Back 4

PA: Lateral border of scapula
DA: Inferior facet of greater trochanter
I: Axillary
Action: ER, weak adduction

Front 5

Subscapularis

Back 5

PA: Anterior surface of scapula
DA: lesser trochanter
I: Upper and Lower Subscapular
Action: IR of humerus

Front 6

Pectoralis major

Back 6

PA: Medial 1/3 of clavicle and manubrium and strenum
DA: Lateral lip of intertubercular groove
I: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves
Action: Adduction, IR,

Front 7

Pectoralis minor

Back 7

PA: Ribs 3-5
DA: Coracoid process
I: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves
Action: Scapular depression and anterior tilt

Front 8

Coracobrachialis

Back 8

PA: Apex of a coracoid process
DA: Medial 2/3 of humerus
I: Musculocutaneous
Action: Shoulder flexion, IR, adduction

Front 9

Serratus anterior

Back 9

PA: Anterior and lateral surfaces of ribs 1-9
DA: Medial border of scapula
I: Long thoracic
Action: upward rotation and protraction of scapula

Front 10

Upper trapezius

Back 10

PA: Nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C1-7
DA: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle
I: Accessory nerve
Action: elevation of scapula, upward rotation of scapula

Front 11

Middle trapezius

Back 11

PA: Spinous processes of T1-4
DA: Acromion and spine of scapula
I: Accessory nerve
Action: Retraction

Front 12

Lower trapezius

Back 12

PA: Spinous processes of T5-T12
DA: Spine of scapula
I: Accessory nerve
Action: Depression of scapula and upward rotation of scapula

Front 13

Levator scapulae

Back 13

PA: Transverse processes of C1-4
DA: Superior angle of scapula
I: Dorsalscapular
Action: Elevation and downward rotation of scapula

Front 14

Rhomboid major/minor

Back 14

PA: Spinous processes of C6-T4
DA: Medial border of scapula
I: Dorsalscapular
Action: Retraction and downward rotation of scapula

Front 15

Latissimus Dorsi

Back 15

PA: Thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, spinous processes of T7-T12, slip of inferior border of scapula
DA: Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus
I: Thoracodorsal
Action: Shoulder extension, adduction, IR

Front 16

Teres major

Back 16

PA: Inferior angle of scapula
DA: Medial lip of intertubercular groove
Action: IR, adduction, extension

Front 17

Biceps brachii

Back 17

PA: Supraglenoid tubercle (long head) and coracoid process (short head)
DA: Radial tuberosity of radius and biciptal aponeurosus
I: Musculcutaneous
Action: Shoulder flexion, abduction (long), IR, and elbow flexion and supination

Front 18

Brachialis

Back 18

PA: Distal 2/3 of anterior humerus
DA: Ulnar tuberosity of ulna
I: Musculocutaneous
Action: Elbow flexion

Front 19

Triceps brachii

Back 19

PA: Infraglenoid tubercle (long head), lateral posterior humerus (Lateral head), medial posterior humerus (Medial head)
DA: Olecranon
I: Radial
Action: Shoulder extension and adduction (long head), and elbow extension

Front 20

Anconeus

Back 20

PA: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
DA: Olecranon
I: Radial
Actions: extends elbow

Front 21

Pronator teres

Back 21

PA: Medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon, coronoid process of ulna
DA: Lateral radius distal to insertion of supinator
I: Median
Action: Pronation and weak elbow flexion

Front 22

Flexor carpi radialis

Back 22

PA: Medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon
DA: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
I: Median
Action: Wrist flexion and radial deviation

Front 23

Palmaris longus

Back 23

PA: Medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon
DA: Palmar aponeurosis
I: Median
Action: tightens palmar aponeurosis, weak wrist flexor

Front 24

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Back 24

PA: Common flexor tendon and proximal posterior ulna
DA: Pisiform, hook of the hamate, and base of the 5th metacarpal
I: Ulnar
Action: Wrist flexion and ulnar deviation

Front 25

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Back 25

PA: Proximal radius, ulna, interosseous membrane, medial epicondyle
DA: Bases of the middle phalanges 2-5 on medial and lateral sides
I: Median
Action: Wrist flexion, MCP, PIP flexion

Front 26

Flexor difitorum profundus

Back 26

PA: Ulna and interosseous membrane
DA: Base of distal phalanges 2-5
I: Ulnar (4&5), Median (2&3)
Action: Wrist flexion, MCP, PIP, DIP flexion

Front 27

Flexor pollicis longus

Back 27

PA: Radius and interosseous membrane
DA: Base of the distal phalanx of thumb
I: Median
Action: Wrist flexion and Radial deviation and flexion of MCP, IP joints of thumb

Front 28

Pronator quadratus

Back 28

PA: Distal radius
DA: Distal ulna
I: Median
Action: Pronation

Front 29

Brachioradialis

Back 29

PA: Lateral supracondylar ridge
DA: Styloid process of radius
I: Radial
Action: Elbow flexion, semipronation

Front 30

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Back 30

PA: Lateral supracondylar ridge, distal to brachioradialis
DA: Base of 2nd metacarpal
I: Radial
Action: Radial deviation, wrist extension, weak elbow flexion

Front 31

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Back 31

PA: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
DA: Base of the 3rd metacarpal
I: Radial
Action: Wrist extension, radial deviation

Front 32

Extensor digitorum

Back 32

PA: Lateral epicondyle via Common extensor tendon
DA: Extensor expansion of phalanges 2-5
I: Radial
Action: Wrist extension, extension of MCP, IP joints

Front 33

Extensor digiti minimi

Back 33

PA: Lateral epicondyle via common extensor tendon
DA: Extensor expansion of digit 5
I: Radial
Action: Wrist extension, MCP, PIP, DIP extension and abduction

Front 34

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Back 34

PA: Lateral epicondyle via common extensor tendon and lateral proximal ulna
DA: Base of 5th metacarpal
I: Radial
Action: Wrist extension and ulnar deviation

Front 35

Supinator

Back 35

PA: Lateral epicondyle, radial collateral, annular ligaments, olecrannon
DA: anterolateral proximal radius
I: Radial
Action: Supination

Front 36

Abductuor pollicis longus

Back 36

PA: Proximal posterior radius, ulna and interosseous membrane
DA: Base of the 1st MCP
I: radial
Action: Abduction of thumb, radial abduction

Front 37

Extensor pollicis brevis

Back 37

PA: Mid- Radius and interosseous membrane
DA: Base of PIP of thumb
I: Radial
Action: Radial deviation, extension of CMC and MCP of thumb

Front 38

Extensor pollicis longus

Back 38

PA: Mid ulna and interosseous membrane
DA: Distal phalanx of thumb
I: Radial
Action: Extension of MCP, IP, CMC, radial deviation, wrist extension

Front 39

Extensor indicis

Back 39

PA: Distal ulna and interosseous membrane
DA: Extensor expansion of 2nd phalange
I: Radial
Action: Extension of MCP, PIP, DIP of digit 2, wrist extension